Schematic map of E. coli-Listeria monocytogenes shuttle plasmids pGG55 (A) and pTV3 (B). CAT(−), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase for E. coli; CAT(+), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase for Listeria monocytogenes; Ori Lm, replication region for Listeria monocytogenes; Ori Ec, p15 origin of replication for Escherichia coli; prfA, Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity-regulating factor A; LLO-E7, fusion between the gene encoding a C-terminally truncated listeriolysin O, including its promoter, and the gene encoding HPV E7; p60-dal, expression cassette of the p60 promoter and Listeria monocytogenes dal gene. Selected restriction sites of interest are depicted.