Table 2. Rabies virus positive samples used to validate the sensitivity of the LN34 real-time RT-PCR assay.
| S. No. | Phylogroup | Isolate Origin | Host | Source | Virus Species | LN34m^ | LN34^ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | Russia | Dog | TCS | RABV | 16.542 | ND |
| 2 | I | China | Dog | TCS | RABV | 28.989 | 28.895 |
| 3 | I | Argentina | Dog | TCS | RABV | 23.143 | 23.331 |
| 4 | I | Thailand | Dog | TCS | RABV | 17.425 | 16.504 |
| 5 | I | Thailand | Dog | BS | RABV | 26.354 | 24.969 |
| 6 | I | Thailand | Dog | BS | RABV | 21.387 | 21.522 |
| 7 | I | Mexico | Dog | TCS | RABV | 25.348 | 25.341 |
| 8 | I | Mexico | Dog | TCS | RABV | 26.509 | 24.454 |
| 9 | I | Sri Lanka | Dog | TCS | RABV | 22.037 | 22.427 |
| 10 | I | Tunisia | Dog | TCS | RABV | 22.318 | 22.089 |
| 11 | I | India | Dog | TCS | RABV | 20.767 | 19.454 |
| 12 | I | India | Dog | TCS | RABV | 19.801 | 21.066 |
| 13 | I | India | Dog | TCS | RABV | 25.703 | 26.135 |
| 14 | I | India | Dog | TCS | RABV | 29.210 | 28.878 |
| 15 | I | Gabon | Dog | BS | RABV | 27.304 | 25.406 |
| 16 | I | Peru | Dog | BS | RABV | 18.995 | 18.427 |
| 17 | I | Arizona, USA | Bat-Lasiurus spp. | BS | RABV | 26.892 | 27.354 |
| 18 | I | Arizona, USA | Bat-Lasiurus spp. | BS | RABV | 20.186 | 17.338 |
| 19 | I | Tennessee, USA | Bat-Lasiurus spp. | BS | RABV | 23.068 | 22.452 |
| 20 | I | Tennessee, USA | Bat-Lasiurus spp. | BS | RABV | 22.096 | 20.957 |
| 21 | I | Tennessee, USA | Bat-Lasiurus spp. | BS | RABV | 27.265 | 26.518 |
| 22 | I | Washington, USA | Bat-Lasionycteris spp. | BS | RABV | 25.117 | 25.164 |
| 23 | I | Washington, USA | Bat-Myotis spp. | BS | RABV | 29.953 | 28.473 |
| 24 | I | Washington, USA | Bat-Eptesicus spp. | TCS | RABV | 24.808 | 25.394 |
| 25 | I | Washington, USA | Bat-Eptesicus spp. | BS | RABV | 20.956 | 19.938 |
| 26 | I | Arizona, USA | Bat-Eptesicus spp. | BS | RABV | 19.187 | 18.138 |
| 27 | I | Alabama, USA | Bat-Tadarida spp. | BS | RABV | 33.088 | 30.792 |
| 28 | I | California, USA | Bat-Antrozous spp. | BS | RABV | 21.599 | 20.024 |
| 29 | I | Brazil | Bat-Desmodus spp. | BS | RABV | 25.617 | 24.447 |
| 30 | I | Mexico | Bat-Desmodus spp. | BS | RABV | 25.033 | 23.005 |
| 31 | I | Texas, USA | Skunk | TCS | RABV | 29.524 | 14.369 |
| 32 | I | Texas, USA | Skunk | BS | RABV | 19.979 | 18.899 |
| 33 | I | California, USA | Skunk | TCS | RABV | 20.904 | 21.001 |
| 34 | I | California, USA | Skunk | BS | RABV | 25.387 | 25.036 |
| 35 | I | Wisconsin, USA | Skunk | TCS | RABV | 19.871 | 18.374 |
| 36 | I | South Dakota, USA | Skunk | BS | RABV | 32.672 | 31.012 |
| 37 | I | Arkansas, USA | Skunk | BS | RABV | 30.328 | 30.465 |
| 38 | I | Puerto Rico, USA | Mongoose | TCS | RABV | 20.715 | 19.749 |
| 39 | I | Puerto Rico, USA | Mongoose | BS | RABV | 31.710 | 29.956 |
| 40 | I | Florida, USA | Feline | BS | RABV | 20.403 | 20.296 |
| 41 | I | Serbia * | Feline | TCS | RABV | 13.443 | 13.264 |
| 42 | I | Texas, USA | Coyote | TCS | RABV | 17.206 | ND |
| 43 | I | Texas, USA | Coyote | TCS | RABV | 19.801 | 18.572 |
| 44 | I | Texas, USA | Coyote | BS | RABV | 27.739 | 27.046 |
| 45 | I | Alaska, USA | Fox | BS | RABV | 30.119 | 28.494 |
| 46 | I | Arizona, USA | Fox | TCS | RABV | 19.705 | 19.063 |
| 47 | I | Arizona, USA | Fox | BS | RABV | 29.856 | 28.819 |
| 48 | I | Texas, USA | Fox | TCS | RABV | 16.542 | ND |
| 49 | I | Texas, USA | Fox | BS | RABV | 30.963 | 29.303 |
| 50 | I | Texas, USA | Fox | BS | RABV | 20.205 | 20.470 |
| 51 | I | Namibia | Lion | BS | RABV | 21.102 | 21.164 |
| 52 | I | France * | Red Fox | BS | RABV | 15.502 | 15.363 |
| 53 | I | France * | Red Fox | TCS | RABV | 12.039 | 11.788 |
| 54 | I | Greece * | Red Fox | BS | RABV | 16.859 | 16.239 |
| 55 | I | Italy * | Red Fox | BS | RABV | 15.963 | 14.833 |
| 56 | I | USA | Laboratory strain | BS | RABV | 36.497 | 36.445 |
| 57 | I | USA * | Laboratory strain | BS | RABV | 16.039 | 13.123 |
| 58 | I | Europe * | Laboratory strain | TCS | RABV | 11.039 | 11.687 |
| 59 | I | Georgia, USA | Raccoon | TCS | RABV | 17.206 | 18.570 |
| 60 | I | Kyrgyzstan | Bat-Myotis spp. | TCS | ARAV | 26.036 | 25.440 |
| 61 | I | Tajikistan | Bat-Myotis spp. | TCS | KHUV | 23.001 | 23.883 |
| 62 | I | South Africa | Bat-Miniopterus spp. | TCS | DUVV | 36.803 | ND |
| 63 | I | South Africa * | Bat-Miniopterus spp. | TCS | DUVV | 16.722 | 15.051 |
| 64 | I | Zimbabwe | Bat-Nycteris spp. | TCS | DUVV | 30.741 | 31.024 |
| 65 | I | Kenya | Bat-spp. | TCS | DUVV | 20.767 | 19.454 |
| 66 | I | Australia | Bat-Pteropus spp. | TCS | ABLV | 31.025 | 28.786 |
| 67 | I | Australia | Bat-Pteropus spp. | BS | ABLV | 25.515 | 23.952 |
| 68 | I | Europe | Bat-Eptesicus spp. | TCS | EBLV-1 | 30.484 | 30.509 |
| 69 | I | Denmark | Bat-Eptesicus spp. | TCS | EBLV-1 | 26.640 | 26.334 |
| 70 | I | France * | Bat-Eptesicus spp. | TCS | EBLV-1 | 14.772 | 14.729 |
| 71 | I | Europe | Bat-Myotis spp. | TCS | EBLV-2 | 41.142 | 38.847 |
| 72 | I | United Kingdom * | Bat-Myotis spp. | TCS | EBLV-2 | 18.826 | 15.930 |
| 73 | I | Netherlands | Bat-Myotis spp. | TCS | EBLV-2 | 25.577 | 24.847 |
| 74 | I | United Kingdom * | Bat-Myotis spp. | TCS | EBLV-2 | 16.263 | 17.978 |
| 75 | I | Russia | Bat-Murina spp. | TCS | IRKV | 23.988 | 13.290 |
| 76 | I | Germany * | Bat-Myotis spp. | TCS | BBLV | 20.276 | 19.442 |
| 77 | II | Zimbabwe | Feline | TCS | MOKV | 35.416 | 27.557 |
| 78 | II | Zimbabwe | Feline | BS | MOKV | 30.130 | 20.149 |
| 79 | II | Cameroon | Crocidura spp. | TCS | MOKV | 30.726 | 22.380 |
| 80 | II | Nigeria | Crocidura spp. | TCS | MOKV | 30.770 | 28.605 |
| 81 | II | Central African Rep | Lophuromys spp. | TCS | MOKV | 41.764 | 29.034 |
| 82 | II | Senegal | Bat-Eidolon spp. | TCS | LBV-A | 37.012 | 37.912 |
| 83 | II | Nigeria | Bat-Eidolon spp. | TCS | LBV-B | ND | 26.932 |
| 84 | II | Central African Rep | Bat-Micropteropus | TCS | LBV-C | ND | 22.960 |
| 85 | II | Kenya | Bat-Rousettus spp. | TCS | LBV-D | 23.723 | 24.441 |
| 86 | II | Kenya | Bat-Hipposideros | TCS | SHIBV | 18.835 | 17.042 |
| 87 | III | Russia | Bat-Miniopterus spp. | TCS | WCBV | 29.014 | 26.771 |
| 88 | III | Tanzania | African civet | TCS | IKOV | 43.269 | 20.916 |
All 88 samples (except ND [31] = 5) in the validation panel were tested with both the LN34m and LN34 LNA probes in duplicate. Isolate origin refers to the geographical location and/or distribution of the respective sample.
Source of RNA isolation was either TCS (Tissue Culture Supernatant) or BS (Brain stem).
The samples in the validation panel can be divided into 3 phylogroups: Phylogroup I includes Rabies virus [RABV], Aravan virus [ARAV], Khujand virus [KHUV], Bokeloh bat lyssavirus [BBLV], Duvenhage virus [DUVV], European bat lyssavirus-1 [EBLV-1], European bat lyssavirus-2 [EBLV-2], Australian bat lyssavirus [ABLV], and Irkut virus [IRKV]; Phylogroup II includes Mokola virus [MOKV], Shimoni bat virus [SHIBV], and Lagos bat virus [LBV]; and Phylogroup III includes Ikoma virus [IKOV] and West Caucasian bat virus [WCBV].
* Indicates that the sample was part of the inter-lab testing panel.
^ Indicates the mean Ct value of duplicate samples detected using either the LN34m or the LN34 LNA probes.
ND: No data; the sample was not tested by this assay.
All the samples in the table are divided into 4 sections by lines; top section contains samples from RABV (Phylogroup I), next section comprises samples from non-rabies lyssaviruses of Phylogroup I, third section comprises samples from Phylogroup II and the bottom section comprises samples from Phylogroup III.