Table 3. Standardized regression coefficients of fitness metrics of traits (α) and plasticity of traits (β) under control and shade treatment.

All values are based on genotypic values and fitness was measured as biomass. Benefit of traits and plasticity of traits are indicated via positive regression coefficients.

Traits	Control		Shade treatment
	α value	β value	α value	β value
Plant height	0.967***	0.330***	0.789***	-0.024
Leaf length	0.025	0.306**	0.069	0.139
Leaf width	0.094	0.251*	0.090	0.069
Basal diameter	0.381**	0.008	0.496***	0.229*
Chlorophyll content	-0.069	0.050	-0.170	0.109
Photosythetic rate	0.105	0.252	0.013	-0.007
Stomatal conductance	0.258	0.371**	-0.035	0.055
Intercelluar CO2 concentration	0.271*	0.529***	0.642	0.641
Transpiration rate	0.043	0.153	0.015	-0.029
Total phenolic content	0.245	0.265	0.014	-0.057
Total flavonoids content	0.368*	0.398*	-0.008	-0.004
Total lignin content	0.170	-0.025	0.286	0.216
Proline content	0.777**	-0.044	-0.010	0.187
Malondialdehyde content	0.036	0.321**	-0.040	0.093
Soluble sugar content	-0.093	0.200	0.189	0.114

Note:

*, **, and *** indicate significant differences at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 level.