Table 1.
Sociodemographic, health, and military service characteristics of OEF/OIF veterans by self-reported cigarette smoking status: National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans, 2009-2011a
| Characteristic | Total respondents, nb | Weighted, %c (95% CI) | Nonsmokers | Current smokers | Former smokers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted, n | Weighted, %c (95% CI) | Unweighted, n | Weighted, %c (95% CI) | Unweighted, n | Weighted, %c (95% CI) | |||
| Total | 19 911 | 100.0 | 9263 | 42.7 (42.0-43.5) | 5581 | 32.5 (31.7-33.2) | 5067 | 24.8 (24.1-25.5) |
| Sexd,e | ||||||||
| Male | 15 715 | 84.0 (83.8-84.1) | 7148 | 81.6 (80.9-82.2) | 4494 | 86.6 (85.8-87.4) | 4073 | 84.7 (83.7-85.6) |
| Female | 4196 | 16.0 (15.9-16.2) | 2115 | 18.4 (17.8-19.1) | 1087 | 13.4 (12.6-14.2) | 994 | 15.3 (14.4-16.3) |
| Age group, ye,f | ||||||||
| 24-34 | 8691 | 57.4 (56.7-58.1) | 3461 | 50.3 (49.1-51.4) | 3229 | 70.7 (69.4-71.9) | 2001 | 52.4 (50.8-53.9) |
| 35-44 | 4776 | 20.4 (19.8-21.0) | 2500 | 23.7 (22.7-24.6) | 1127 | 16.2 (15.3-17.2) | 1149 | 20.3 (19.1-21.5) |
| 45-54 | 4793 | 17.5 (17.0-18.0) | 2498 | 20.8 (19.9-21.6) | 959 | 10.9 (10.1-11.6) | 1336 | 20.6 (19.5-21.8) |
| ≥55 | 1651 | 4.7 (4.4-4.9) | 804 | 5.3 (4.9-5.7) | 266 | 2.2 (1.9-2.5) | 581 | 6.7 (6.1-7.3) |
| Educationd ,e | ||||||||
| High school / general equivalency diploma | 3015 | 18.4 (17.8-19.1) | 967 | 12.6 (11.7-13.4) | 1369 | 28.2 (26.8-29.6) | 679 | 15.7 (14.5-16.9) |
| Some college / associate’s degree | 9845 | 53.8 (53.0-54.6) | 4095 | 50.0 (48.8-51.2) | 3214 | 58.8 (57.3-60.3) | 2536 | 53.7 (52.2-55.3) |
| Bachelor’s degree or more | 7004 | 27.8 (27.1-28.4) | 4183 | 37.4 (36.3-38.5) | 982 | 12.9 (12.0-13.8) | 1839 | 30.6 (29.2-32.0) |
| Race/ethnicityd,e | ||||||||
| White | 14 012 | 70.9 (70.2-71.6) | 6138 | 66.1 (65.0-67.2) | 4085 | 73.8 (72.5-75.1) | 3789 | 75.3 (74.0-76.7) |
| Black | 2540 | 12.2 (11.7-12.7) | 1550 | 16.5 (15.6-17.3) | 551 | 9.6 (8.7-10.5) | 439 | 8.2 (7.4-9.1) |
| Hispanic | 1749 | 9.0 (8.5-9.5) | 832 | 9.5 (8.8-10.2) | 471 | 8.3 (7.5-9.1) | 446 | 9.0 (8.1-9.9) |
| Asian | 387 | 1.9 (1.7-2.2) | 204 | 2.3 (1.9-2.6) | 96 | 1.7 (1.3-2.0) | 87 | 1.8 (1.3-2.2) |
| American Indian / Alaska Native | 138 | 0.8 (0.6-0.9) | 56 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 47 | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 35 | 0.7 (0.5-1.0) |
| Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander | 128 | 0.6 (0.5-0.8) | 64 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 32 | 0.5 (0.3-0.7) | 32 | 0.7 (0.4-0.9) |
| Otherg | 847 | 4.6 (4.2-4.9) | 371 | 4.3 (3.8-4.7) | 271 | 5.2 (4.5-5.9) | 205 | 4.3 (3.6-4.9) |
| Current annual household incomed,e | ||||||||
| <$35 000 | 4950 | 31.6 (30.8-32.4) | 1883 | 26.0 (24.9-27.1) | 2059 | 44.2 (42.6-45.7) | 1008 | 24.8 (23.3-26.2) |
| $35 000-$49 999 | 3405 | 18.3 (17.6-18.9) | 1407 | 16.7 (15.8-17.6) | 1142 | 20.3 (19.1-21.5) | 856 | 18.4 (17.2-19.7) |
| $50 000-$74 999 | 4493 | 21.8 (21.1-22.4) | 2089 | 22.5 (21.5-23.5) | 1166 | 19.2 (18.1-20.4) | 1238 | 23.8 (22.5-25.1) |
| $75 000-$99 999 | 2872 | 12.5 (12.0-13.0) | 1447 | 13.7 (12.9-14.4) | 608 | 9.0 (8.3-9.8) | 817 | 15.1 (14.0-16.2) |
| $100 000-$149 999 | 2700 | 11.1 (10.6-11.5) | 1532 | 14.1 (13.3-14.9) | 409 | 5.8 (5.2-6.4) | 759 | 12.7 (11.8-13.7) |
| ≥$150 000 | 1242 | 4.8 (4.5-5.0) | 793 | 7.0 (6.5-7.5) | 116 | 1.5 (1.2-1.8) | 333 | 5.2 (4.6-5.8) |
| Is currently employed for wagesd,e | 11 958 | 58.7 (57.9-59.5) | 5750 | 60.3 (59.1-61.5) | 3119 | 55.5 (54.0-57.0) | 3089 | 60.1 (58.5-61.6) |
| Marital statusd,e | ||||||||
| Married | 13 330 | 63.7 (62.9-64.4) | 6459 | 66.9 (65.8-68.1) | 3177 | 54.1 (52.6-55.7) | 3694 | 70.5 (69.0-71.9) |
| Separated or divorced | 2940 | 14.3 (13.7-14.8) | 1198 | 12.3 (11.5-13.0) | 1085 | 18.5 (17.3-19.6) | 657 | 12.2 (11.2-13.2) |
| Widowed | 61 | 0.2 (0.2-0.3) | 27 | 0.3h (0.1-0.4) | 19 | 0.2h (0.1-0.3) | 15 | 0.2h (0.1-0.3) |
| Never married or single | 3521 | 21.9 (21.1-22.6) | 1556 | 20.6 (19.5-21.6) | 1278 | 27.2 (25.8-28.6) | 687 | 17.2 (15.9-18.5) |
| Census regione, f | ||||||||
| Northeast | 2395 | 11.5 (11.0-12.0) | 1070 | 11.0 (10.3-11.8) | 733 | 12.5 (11.5-13.5) | 592 | 11.1 (10.1-12.0) |
| Midwest | 4070 | 19.9 (19.2-20.5) | 1742 | 17.8 (16.9-18.7) | 1303 | 22.6 (21.4-23.9) | 1025 | 19.8 (18.5-21.0) |
| South | 8864 | 45.8 (45.0-46.6) | 4295 | 48.1 (46.9-49.3) | 2393 | 44.6 (43.1-46.2) | 2176 | 43.1 (41.6-44.7) |
| West | 4198 | 22.9 (22.2-23.6) | 1977 | 23.0 (22.0-24.0) | 1037 | 20.2 (19.0-21.5) | 1184 | 26.1 (24.6-27.5) |
| Service componente, f | ||||||||
| Active duty | 7650 | 53.7 (53.4-53.9) | 3215 | 49.1 (48.2-50.0) | 2369 | 58.3 (57.1-59.5) | 2066 | 55.6 (54.2-56.9) |
| Reserve | 6835 | 25.0 (24.8-25.1) | 3569 | 28.9 (28.2-29.7) | 1589 | 20.1 (19.2-21.0) | 1677 | 24.5 (23.4-25.6) |
| National Guard | 5426 | 21.4 (21.2-21.5) | 2479 | 22.0 (21.3-22.6) | 1623 | 21.6 (20.7-22.5) | 1324 | 20.0 (19.0-20.9) |
| Branch of servicee, f | ||||||||
| Army | 10 789 | 49.5 (49.2-49.8) | 4925 | 48.6 (47.6-49.5) | 3267 | 53.0 (51.7-54.3) | 2597 | 46.5 (45.1-47.9) |
| Air Force | 4200 | 19.7 (19.4-19.9) | 2231 | 23.4 (22.6-24.1) | 833 | 13.8 (12.9-14.8) | 1136 | 20.9 (19.8-22.0) |
| Marine Corps | 1920 | 12.7 (12.5-12.8) | 745 | 10.7 (10.1-11.4) | 659 | 14.8 (13.9-15.7) | 516 | 13.2 (12.2-14.2) |
| Navy | 3002 | 18.2 (17.9-18.4) | 1362 | 17.3 (16.6-18.1) | 822 | 18.3 (17.2-19.4) | 818 | 19.4 (18.2-20.6) |
| Was deployed to OEF/OIFd,i | 12 747 | 55.9 (55.4-56.4) | 5994 | 56.0 (54.9-57.0) | 3610 | 56.2 (54.9-57.6) | 3143 | 55.3 (53.8-56.7) |
| No. of deploymentsd,j | ||||||||
| 0 | 5481 | 39.1 (38.5-39.6) | 2537 | 39.4 (38.3-40.5) | 1476 | 38.3 (36.8-39.8) | 1468 | 39.6 (38.0-41.1) |
| 1 | 6792 | 32.8 (32.1-33.4) | 3221 | 33.0 (32.0-34.1) | 1877 | 32.3 (30.9-33.7) | 1694 | 32.9 (31.4-34.3) |
| ≥2 | 5512 | 28.2 (27.5-28.8) | 2565 | 27.6 (26.6-28.6) | 1603 | 29.4 (28.1-30.8) | 1344 | 27.6 (26.2-29.0) |
| Uses VA health care servicesd,k | 7318 | 36.0 (35.3-36.8) | 3277 | 35.1 (34.0-36.2) | 2118 | 36.0 (34.5-37.4) | 1923 | 37.7 (36.2-39.2) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OEF, Operation Enduring Freedom; OIF, Operation Iraqi Freedom; VA, US Department of Veterans Affairs.
aData source: VA unpublished data.
bCigarette smoking status was missing for 652 (3%) of the 20 563 survey respondents.
cSurvey responses were weighted to account for nonresponse and further modified through a poststratification approach to reduce bias resulting from misclassification of deployment in the sampling frame. Percentages may not total to 100 because of rounding.
dData were self-reported.
eSignificant at P < .001 based on the Rao-Scott χ2 test.
fData were obtained from the sampling frame.
gOther race/ethnicity includes those who reported themselves as a combination of races/ethnicities or were undefined.
hEstimate is considered statistically unreliable. Caution should be used in interpretation of data.
iP = .664.
jP = .276.
kSignificant at P < 0.05 based on the Rao-Scott χ2 test.