Table 3. Simulation results for the empirical power with varied correlations ρ and genetic effect sizes (e₁, …, e₆).

The Latent column is the power with the proposed method applied to 6 latent phenotypes. The Mixed column is the power with the proposed method applied to 6 observed phenotypes. The Dichotomous column is the power when the observed phenotypes are dichotomized. The Continuous column is the power when the phenotypes in mixed measurements are treated as continuous variables. The number of iterations is 10⁶ when all genetic effect sizes are zero and 10⁴ for other situations.

ρ	e1	e2	e3	e4	e5	e6	Latent	Mixed	Dichotomous	Continuous
0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00009	0.00008	0.00004	0.00009
0.35	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00057	0.00024	0.00005	0.00025
0.75	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.00027	0.00007	0.00002	0.00012
0	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.96	0.91	0.77	0.91
0.35	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.84	0.73	0.49	0.73
0.75	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.51	0.36	0.19	0.39
0	0	0.7	0	0.7	0	0.7	0.94	0.88	0.68	0.88
0.35	0	0.7	0	0.7	0	0.7	0.82	0.68	0.42	0.70
0.75	0	0.7	0	0.7	0	0.7	0.36	0.20	0.08	0.25
0	0.9	0.9	0	0	0	0	0.94	0.94	0.67	0.94
0.35	0.9	0.9	0	0	0	0	0.84	0.84	0.42	0.83
0.75	0.9	0.9	0	0	0	0	0.37	0.37	0.05	0.38
0	0	0	0.9	0.9	0	0	0.95	0.71	0.68	0.74
0.35	0	0	0.9	0.9	0	0	0.85	0.43	0.41	0.49
0.75	0	0	0.9	0.9	0	0	0.37	0.05	0.05	0.09
0	0	0	0	0	0.9	0.9	0.95	0.90	0.69	0.92
0.35	0	0	0	0	0.9	0.9	0.85	0.72	0.42	0.78
0.75	0	0	0	0	0.9	0.9	0.38	0.16	0.05	0.30