Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants (before after PS 1:1 matching).
| Before matching | After PS matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Statin users (N = 1955) | Non-users (N = 12542) | P | Standardized differences | Statin users (N = 858) | Non-users (N = 858) | P | Standardized differences |
| Age, year | 55.40±13.48 | 48.92±15.91 | <0.001 | 0.603 | 53.86±13.41 | 53.37±15.31 | 0.483 | 0.059 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 1036 (53.0) | 6313 (50.3) | 0.029 | 0.054 | 457 (53.3) | 482 (56.2) | 0.233 | 0.058 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 791 (40.5) | 1475 (11.8) | <0.001 | 0.691 | 289 (33.7) | 260 (30.3) | 0.137 | 0.073 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1380 (70.6) | 2946 (23.5) | <0.001 | 1.070 | 635 (74.0) | 649 (75.6) | 0.420 | 0.037 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.90±5.76 | 25.49±6.45 | 0.076 | 0.075 | 26.90±6.74 | 27.69±7.51 | 0.290 | 0.053 |
| Previous CVD, n (%) | 460 (23.5) | 683 (5.4) | <0.001 | 0.533 | 141 (16.4) | 124 (14.5) | 0.271 | 0.037 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 56.88±27.98 | 69.57±29.70 | <0.001 | 0.615 | 57.82±30.06 | 59.01±33.46 | 0.434 | 0.056 |
| Proteinuria, n (%) | 1172 (59.9) | 5984 (47.7) | <0.001 | 0.247 | 532 (62.0) | 547 (63.8) | 0.640 | 0.061 |
| Laboratory | ||||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.16±2.28 | 13.35±2.13 | 0.002 | 0.062 | 13.00±2.33 | 13.07±2.25 | 0.615 | 0.018 |
| White blood cells, x103/ml | 7.95±2.89 | 7.78±3.77 | 0.041 | 0.059 | 7.86±2.80 | 7.94±3.09 | 0.631 | 0.075 |
| Platelet, x103/ml | 266.70±78.78 | 258.90±77.59 | <0.001 | 0.137 | 265.80±78.24 | 262.80±75.98 | 0.505 | 0.035 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 4.04±0.66 | 4.25±0.51 | <0.001 | 0.131 | 4.06±0.62 | 4.05±0.64 | 0.769 | 0.005 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 221.43±65.21 | 183.68±43.43 | <0.001 | 0.802 | 212.21±64.55 | 208.20±55.15 | 0.154 | 0.102 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 200.93±171.02 | 140.10±105.89 | <0.001 | 0.502 | 180.84±133.26 | 186.95±172.38 | 0.419 | 0.037 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl | 48.72±15.04 | 50.54±14.63 | <0.001 | 0.155 | 48.87±15.21 | 49.55±15.34 | 0.385 | 0.049 |
| Calcium, mg/dl | 9.01±0.73 | 9.01±0.62 | 0.889 | 0.001 | 8.95±0.72 | 8.96±0.70 | 0.835 | 0.007 |
| Phosphorus, mg/dl | 3.74±0.89 | 3.65±1.86 | 0.038 | 0.063 | 3.74±0.93 | 3.69±0.89 | 0.297 | 0.028 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 6.27±2.14 | 5.61±2.00 | <0.001 | 0.293 | 6.37±2.17 | 6.40±2.16 | 0.813 | 0.028 |
| Statins | ||||||||
| Simvastatin | 654 (33.5) | 235 (27.4) | ||||||
| Rosuvastatin | 459 (23.5) | 217 (25.3) | ||||||
| Pravastatin | 394 (20.2) | 199 (23.2) | ||||||
| Atorvastatin | 302 (15.4) | 144 (16.8) | ||||||
| Pitavastatin | 95 (4.9) | 48 (5.6) | ||||||
| Lovastatin | 51 (2.6) | 15 (1.7) | ||||||
| Other medications | ||||||||
| RAAS blockers, n (%) | 1308 (66.9) | 2183 (17.4) | <0.001 | 1.158 | 617 (71.9) | 640 (74.6) | 0.135 | 0.061 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 956 (48.9) | 1630 (13.0) | <0.001 | 0.843 | 432 (50.3) | 396 (46.2) | 0.074 | 0.082 |
| CCB, n (%) | 1085 (55.5) | 1894 (15.1) | <0.001 | 0.933 | 454 (52.9) | 475 (55.4) | 0.306 | 0.050 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 1048 (53.6) | 1815 (14.5) | <0.001 | 0.906 | 444 (51.7) | 439 (51.2) | 0.831 | 0.010 |
| Aspirin, n (%) | 540 (27.6) | 807 (6.4) | <0.001 | 0.588 | 202 (23.5) | 175 (20.4) | 0.118 | 0.075 |
BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; CCB: calcium channel blocker. Note: Conversion factors for units were as follows: hemoglobin in g/dl to g/l, × 10; albumin in mg/dl to g/l, × 10; cholesterol mg/dl to mmol/l, × 0.02586: triglycerides mg/dl to mmol/l, × 0.01129; HDL-cholesterol mg/dl to mmol/l, × 0.02586; LDL-cholesterol mg/dl to mmol/l, × 0.0258