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. 2017 Jan;58(1):106–118. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-20691

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Metformin reduces HFD-induced intraocular inflammation. The retinas, vitreous, and lenses were collected from mice fed normal chow, or HFD for 6 months, or HFD mice treated with metformin for the last 4 months. (A) Retinas were harvested and subjected to Western blot analysis of phosphorylated P65 (pP65) and P65 (Total P65; loading control). The HFD retina has a significantly higher pP65 (*) than those of the other two groups. (B–F) Inflammatory cytokine profiles were analyzed from the vitreous and lenses obtained from the control, HFD, and HFD+Met groups: (B) interleukin-6 (IL-6), (C) IL-12, (D) MCP-1, (E) G-CSF, and (F) VEGF. The HFD-fed mice have a significantly higher IL-6 (B) and VEGF (F) than those of the other two groups (*). The HFD-fed mice also have a significantly higher G-CSF (E) than that of the control (*). Box plots represent the distribution of data within a specific group. The black line represents the median, and the gray line represents the mean of the specific group. N is the number of animals in the group. *P < 0.05.