SARS-CoV S1 interactions with transiently expressed ACE2, DC-SIGN, or DC-SIGNR. 293T cells were transiently calcium phosphate transfected with the indicated receptors and incubated with purified S1-Ig fusion protein and anti-DC-SIGN MAb (DC-11) or anti-ACE2 antiserum at 0.1 μg/ml. Following washing, ACE2 expression, lectin expression, and S1-Ig binding were analyzed by flow cytometry.