Table 5.
Predicted drugs after pathway-based drug repositioning.
| Drug name | Ranking score | Z-score | p value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doxorubicin∗ | 0.999 | 8.935 | 0 | It works by intercalating DNA, with the most serious adverse effect being life threatening heart damage. |
| Exemestane∗ | 0.803 | 6.880 | 2.99E − 12 | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor which selectively inhibits HER2 |
| Methotrexate∗ | 0.708 | 5.892 | 1.91E − 09 | blocks the production of steroids derived from cholesterol and is clinically used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome and metastatic breast cancer. |
| Megestrol∗ | 0.668 | 5.464 | 2.33E − 08 | It binds to and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of purine nucleotide and thymidylate synthesis and, subsequently, inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses. |
| Paclitaxel∗ | 0.646 | 5.235 | 8.26E − 08 | It binds to and stabilizes microtubules, preventing their depolymerization and so inhibiting cellular motility, mitosis, and replication. |
| Aminoglutethimide∗ | 0.637 | 5.148 | 1.32E − 07 | It blocks the production of steroids derived from cholesterol and is clinically used in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome and metastatic breast cancer. |
| Tamoxifen∗ | 0.634 | 5.113 | 1.59E − 07 | It is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissue via its active metabolite, hydroxytamoxifen. In other tissues such as the endometrium, it behaves as an agonist and thus may be characterized as a mixed agonist/antagonist. |
| Vinblastine∗ | 0.625 | 5.020 | 2.59E − 07 | It is an antimicrotubule drug used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, and testicular cancer. |
| Fulvestrant∗ | 0.604 | 4.802 | 7.86E − 07 | It is drug treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression following antiestrogen therapy. It is an estrogen receptor antagonist with no agonist effects, which works by downregulating the estrogen receptor. |
| Letrozole∗ | 0.579 | 4.539 | 2.83E − 06 | It is an oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of hormonally responsive breast cancer. |
| MS-275∗∗ | 0.530 | 4.023 | 2.87E − 05 | Entinostat, also known as SNDX-275 and MS-275, is a benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor undergoing clinical trials for treatment of various cancers. |
| GW-8510∗∗ | 0.477 | 3.467 | 0.000263332 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 inhibitors: inhibition of dopamine transporter activity. |
| Camptothecin∗∗ | 0.475 | 3.452 | 0.000278495 | It is an alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase. |
| Phenoxybenzamine∗∗ | 0.461 | 3.303 | 0.000478379 | It is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. |
| Tyrphostin_AG-825∗∗ | 0.447 | 3.159 | 0.000792504 | It is tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which selectively inhibits HER2. |
| Alsterpaullone∗∗ | 0.447 | 3.150 | 0.000815292 | CDC2 protein kinase, antiangiogenic potential of small molecular inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases in vitro. |
| Celastrol∗∗ | 0.442 | 3.100 | 0.000966191 | Celastrol is a remedial ingredient isolated from the root extracts of “Tripterygium wilfordii” (Thunder of God vine) and “Celastrus regelii.” In “in vitro” and “in vivo” animal experiments, celastrol exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and insecticidal activities. |
∗ Known breast cancer drug. ∗∗Potential drug candidate for repositioning.