Table 2.
Changes (mean change with confidence intervals) in Measures of Quality of Life (QoL) and Heart Failure Disease Biomarkers
| Variable | Coping Skills Training (n=89) |
Heart Failure Education (n=90) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quality of Life | |||
| Attitudes about Impairment | 3.7 (2.2, 5.3) | 1.8 (0.3, 3.2) | .070 |
| Beck Depression Inventory | −4.5 (−5.8, −3.1) | −2.4 (−3.7, −1.1) | .027 |
| KCCQ Total Score | 8.3 (5.0, 11.5) | 2.3 (−0.8, 5.4) | .009 |
| 6-Min Walk Distance (meters) | 15.8 (4.8, 26.7) | −3.5 (−13.9, 7.0) | .012 |
| State Anxiety | −2.6 (−4.4, −0.8) | −0.2 (−1.9, 1.6) | .057 |
| Heart-Failure Disease Biomarkers | |||
| B-type Natriuretic Peptide (pg/ml) | −23.5 (−63.6, 16.2) | −25.0 (−62.9, 12.8) | .958 |
| Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (%) |
0.2 (−0.9, 1.4) | −1.3 (−2.4, −0.2) | .066 |
| Heart Rate Variability (SDNN) | 2.0 (−4.7, 8.7) | −3.7 (−11.0, 3.5) | .246 |
| Flow Mediated Dilation (%) | 0.2 (−0.5, 0.9) | 0.0 (−0.7, 0.7) | .733 |
| C-Reactive Protein (mg/L) | −0.3 (−0.9, 0.2) | 0.3 (−0.2, 0.9) | .102 |
Values are adjusted for age, etiology of heart failure (ischemic vs. non-ischemic), and the pre-treatment level of the respective predictor. FMD analyses were also adjusted for baseline arterial diameter. KCCQ=Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; SDNN=standard deviation of normal to normal heartbeat intervals.