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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2017 Jan;52(1 Suppl 1):S20–S30. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.06.010

Table 2.

Prevalence (%) of Street Segments Within Domains by Rater, Method (Street- and Parcel-Level) and Source (Direct and Virtual)

Direct (n=168 ratings) Virtual (n=168 ratings)

Street-level
(n=84 ratings)
Parcel-level
(n=84 ratings)
Street-level
(n=84 ratings)
Parcel-level
(n=84 ratings)

Items Rater 1
(n=42
ratings
)
Rater 2
(n=42
ratings
)
Rater 1
(n=42
ratings
)
Rater 2
(n=42
ratings
)
Rater 1
(n=42
ratings
)
Rater 2
(n=42
ratings
)
Rater 1
(n=42
ratings
)
Rater 2
(n=42
ratings
)
Physical disorder
  Moderate/heavy
garbage or litter
57.1 59.5 78.6 71.4 50.0 54.8 64.3 73.8
  Graffiti present 16.7 9.5 14.3 12.2 14.3 4.8 9.5 16.7
  Cluttered
residential
porches present
21.4 19.1 21.4 46.3 11.9 14.3 19.1 28.6
Physical decay
  Fair/poor
residential
conditiona
22.5 24.4 23.8 34.2 12.5 22.0 16.7 23.8
  Fair/poor yard
conditionb
22.5 24.4 9.8 15.0 12.5 22.0 5.0 15.0
  Fair/poor
businessesc
45.5 40.0 40.0 54.6 27.3 43.8 44.4 66.7
  Fair/poor
vacant lotsd
27.8 38.1 16.7 33.3 25.0 38.9 11.1 38.9
  Fair/poor streete 100.0 97.6 97.5 97.6 95.1 97.6 97.5 97.5
  Fair/poor
sidewalksf
86.5 94.7 83.8 92.1 91.9 94.9 91.9 97.4
Street safety
  Speed limit
signs present
23.8 26.2 24.4 23.1 28.6 26.2 69.1 76.2
  Bike lane
present
2.4 0.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.0
  >50% of street
lit
50.0 50.0 51.2 59.5 40.5 52.4 64.3 52.4
Safety
  Rated as unsafe
place to live
24.3 36.6 25.0 40.5 13.2 26.5 17.5 34.2
  Rated as unsafe
to walk at night
23.7 38.9 30.0 52.8 17.1 47.4 21.6 48.6
  Alarm
systems/securit
y signs present
59.5 59.6 71.4 61.0 53.7 54.8 61.9 59.5
Land useg
  Residential 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.00 100.0 100.0
  Commercial,
business
26.2 26.2 23.8 26.8 23.8 26.2 21.4 28.6
  Industrial,
warehouse,
manufacturing
2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 4.8 4.8
  Institutional 9.5 11.9 9.5 9.8 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
  Recreational
facility
4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 7.1 2.4 4.8
  Vacant lot,
open space
33.3 50.0 42.9 51.2 33.3 38.1 42.9 42.9
a

Residential condition rated on a 4 point scale (poor/badly deteriorated; fair; good/well-kept; no residential units on the street). A dichotomous variable was created good/well-kept vs. fair and poor/badly deteriorated. Prevalence reported for fair, poor/badly deteriorated.

b

Residential yard condition rated on a 4 point scale (poor/badly deteriorated; fair; good/wellkept; no residential yards on the street). A dichotomous variable was created good/well-kept vs. fair and poor/badly deteriorated. Prevalence reported for fair, poor/badly deteriorated.

c

Commercial/business condition rated on a 4 point scale (poor/badly deteriorated; fair; good/well-kept; no commercial/businesses on the street). A dichotomous variable was created good/well-kept vs. fair and poor/badly deteriorated. Prevalence reported for fair, poor/badly deteriorated.

d

Vacant lot condition was assessed using three question on physical features used to categorized as (poor/badly deteriorated; fair; good/well-kept; no commercial/businesses on the street). A dichotomous variable was created good/well-kept vs. fair and poor/badly deteriorated. Prevalence reported for fair, poor/badly deteriorated.

e

Street condition were rated on a 4 point scale (poor/badly deteriorated; fair; good/well-kept; under construction; not present). A dichotomous variable was created good/well-kept vs. fair and poor/badly deteriorated. Prevalence reported for fair, poor/badly deteriorated.

f

Sidewalk condition were rated on a 5 point scale (poor/badly deteriorated; fair; good/well-kept; under construction; not present). A dichotomous variable was created good/well-kept vs. fair and poor/badly deteriorated. Prevalence reported for fair, poor/badly deteriorated.

g

Percent of street segments containing at least one parcel of specified land use category.