Salsalate supplementation improves glucose homeostasis and reduces liver lipids independent of AMPK-β1. A: Serum salicylate concentrations in mice after treatment with 2.5 g/kg salsalate supplemented into a 60% HFD (HFD+SAL). Body mass (B), adiposity (C), lean mass (D), nonmoving VO2 (E), and fasting blood glucose (F) in WT and AMPK-β1KO mice fed the HFD or HFD+SAL. Glucose tolerance (G and H) and alanine tolerance (I and J) in WT and AMPK-β1KO mice fed the HFD or the HFD+SAL. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (K), and lipid content was quantified (L). AUC, area under the curve. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 9–17). *P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test.