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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 12.
Published in final edited form as: Schizophr Res. 2015 Jun 6;166(1-3):238–247. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.05.010

Table 1.

Effects of maternal immune stimulation and age on neurotransmitter levels. Neurochemical contents were examined in adolescent (35) and adult (100), control and MIS (poly-I:C) offspring. Neurotransmitters (DA, DOPAC, HVA, dopamine turnover (DOPAC + HVA/dopamine) were measured in the mPFC, Hipp, Thal, Nacc, CPU, GP, and VTA and are expressed as mean values ± S.E.M. of μM per g protein. The presence of age- and MIS-dependent effects are depicted by age, MIS, and interaction, degrees of freedom (DF), F-values and statistical p-values based on two-way ANOVA of the neurochemical content in the corresponding brain area.

Transmitter Region MIS PND Content in μM/g protein Two-way ANOVA effects DF F-value p-Value
DA mPFC control 35 7.21 ± 0.73 MIS 1,41 0.266 0.609
100 9.28 ± 1.13 age 1,41 4.403 0.042
poly I:C 35 6.58 ± 0.77 interaction 1,41 0.008 0.093
100 8.84 ± 1.15
Hipp control 35 3.78 ± 0.74 MIS 1,48 1.666 0.203
100 6.58 ± 0.78 age 1,48 2.569 0.116
poly I:C 35 4.28 ± 0.66 interaction 1,48 3.670 0.061
100 4.03 ± 0.66
Thal control 35 6.68 ± 0.62 MIS 1,47 1.603 0.211
100 11.36 ± 1.40 age 1,47 8.154 0.006
poly I:C 35 8.20 ± 1.03 interaction 1.47 0.256 0.616
100 14.88 ± 2.83
Nacc control 35 224.15 ± 30.02 MIS 1,40 7.529 0.009
100 291.67 ± 36.02 age 1,40 4.971 0.032
poly I:C 35 309.24 ± 28.36 interaction 1,40 0.064 0.802
100 394.00 ± 30.58
CPu control 35 458.38 ± 29.87 MIS 1,47 0.015 0.903
100 548.46 ± 9.86 age 1,47 36.817 0.000
poly I:C 35 426.49 ± 12.55 interaction 1,47 2.237 0.141
100 575.52 ± 24.70
GP control 35 42.10 ± 5.45 MIS 1,41 1.101 0.300
100 38.58 ± 3.10 age 1,41 1.687 0.201
poly I:C 35 37.32 ± 4.20 interaction 1,41 3.973 0.053
100 54.00 ± 7.46
VTA control 35 135.70 ± 5.59 MIS 1,48 0.423 0.519
100 98.77 ± 9.84 age 1,48 0.964 0.331
poly I:C 35 102.49 ± 16.47 interaction 1,48 5.334 0.025
100 117.38 ± 7.79
DOPAC mPFC control 35 5.75 ± 0.81 MIS 1,40 6.209 0.017
100 5.83 ± 0.77 age 1,40 0.851 0.362
poly I:C 35 4.63 ± 0.70 interaction 1,40 1.040 0.314
100 3.14 ± 0.66
Hipp control 35 1.58 ± 0.19 MIS 1,38 0.003 0.858
100 3.37 ± 0.74 age 1,38 0.230 0.634
poly I:C 35 2.86 ± 0.51 interaction 1,38 3.284 0.078
100 1.81 ± 0.63
Thal control 35 3.05 ± 0.73 MIS 1,44 0.048 0.828
100 5.17 ± 0.98 age 1,44 1.676 0.202
poly I:C 35 3.94 ± 0.63 interaction 1,44 0.326 0.571
100 4.77 ± 1.38
Nacc control 35 40.61 ± 7.46 MIS 1,40 0.550 0.463
100 58.97 ± 8.99 age 1,40 5.357 0.026
poly I:C 35 46.48 ± 5.18 interaction 1,40 0.000 1,000
100 64.84 ± 5.99
CPu control 35 60.77 ± 3.45 MIS 1,47 3.477 0.069
100 67.27 ± 5.83 age 1,47 0.504 0.481
poly I:C 35 54.52 ± 2.45 interaction 1,47 0.362 0.550
100 55.05 ± 3.42
GP control 35 12.95 ± 0.70 MIS 1,42 0.000 0.994
100 12.27 ± 1.03 age 1,42 0.229 0.635
poly I:C 35 13.01 ± 0.63 interaction 1,42 0.001 0.973
100 12.24 ± 2.47
VTA control 35 30.32 ± 1.67 MIS 1,47 0.000 0.989
100 18.04 ± 1.83 age 1,47 8.339 0.006
poly I:C 35 25.72 ± 4.28 interaction 1,47 3.077 0.086
100 22.72 ± 2.12
HVA mPFC control 35 7.64 ± 1.14 MIS 1,41 0.390 0.536
100 5.18 ± 0.95 age 1,41 1.418 0.241
poly I:C 35 7.34 ± 0.89 interaction 1,41 0.765 0.387
100 6.96 ± 1.61
Hipp control 35 1.93 ± 1.29 MIS 1,47 0.760 0.388
100 1.07 ± 0.26 age 1,47 0.279 0.560
poly I:C 35 2.28 ± 1.04 interaction 1,47 0.216 0.644
100 2.23 ± 0.98
Thal control 35 2.83 ± 1.07 MIS 1,48 1.195 0.280
100 2.24 ± 0.66 age 1,48 0.552 0.461
poly I:C 35 1.99 ± 0.56 interaction 1,48 0.006 0.940
100 1.51 ± 0.33
Nacc control 35 20.70 ± 4.49 MIS 1,40 0.181 0.673
100 22.63 ± 3.46 age 1,40 1.585 0.215
poly I:C 35 19.69 ± 2.32 interaction 1,40 0.506 0.481
100 26.62 ± 2.94
CPu control 35 46.33 ± 3.51 MIS 1,47 1.304 0.259
100 36.74 ± 1.86 age 1,47 5.990 0.018
poly I:C 35 40.24 ± 2.03 interaction 1,47 1.282 0.263
100 36.72 ± 3.11
GP control 35 13.71 ± 1.00 MIS 1,43 0.586 0.448
100 11.42 ± 1.53 age 1,43 2.879 0.097
poly I:C 35 15.39 ± 1.24 interaction 1,43 0.076 0.784
100 12.21 ± 1.90
VTA control 35 15.00 ± 2.38 MIS 1,47 0.725 0.399
100 10.96 ± 1.71 age 1,47 7.511 0.009
poly I:C 35 17.54 ± 2.25 interaction 1,47 0.285 0.595
100 11.54 ± 0.78
5-HT mPFC control 35 9.66 ± 0.54 MIS 1,41 1.021 0.318
100 10.54 ± 2.07 age 1,41 0.029 0.867
poly I:C 35 8.79 ± 0.80 interaction 1,41 0.181 0.673
100 8.41 ± 1.05
Hipp control 35 6.49 ± 0.70 MIS 1,47 1.997 0.164
100 9.89 ± 1.37 age 1,47 1.860 0.179
poly I:C 35 6.46 ± 0.96 interaction 1,47 1.927 0.172
100 6.43 ± 0.74
Thal control 35 8.48 ± 1.68 MIS 1,49 0.111 0.741
100 11.01 ± 2.00 age 1,49 3.393 0.072
poly I:C 35 6.94 ± 1.05 interaction 1,49 0.241 0.626
100 11.31 ± 1.45
Nacc control 35 24.96 ± 1.23 MIS 1,40 0.005 0.946
100 23.71 ± 2.85 age 1,40 1.623 0.210
poly I:C 35 27.24 ± 2.36 interaction 1,40 0.637 0.430
100 21.79 ± 2.62
CPu control 35 7.19 ± 1.04 MIS 1,46 4.884 0.032
100 9.44 ± 1.56 age 1,46 3.049 0.088
poly I:C 35 4.20 ± 0.54 interaction 1,46 0.002 0.960
100 6.58 ± 1.03
GP control 35 13.86 ± 0.96 MIS 1,42 1.987 0.166
100 10.06 ± 1.58 age 1,42 26.424 0.000
poly I:C 35 15.08 ± 0.67 interaction 1.42 5.376 0.025
100 5.04 ± 0.49
VTA control 35 27.66 ± 2.51 MIS 1,48 0.407 0.527
100 20.31 ± 2.42 age 1,48 0.443 0.509
poly I:C 35 20.21 ± 2.27 interaction 1,48 7.335 0.009
100 32.35 ± 4.39
5-HIAA mPFC control 35 7.97 ± 0.71 MIS 1,41 4.653 0.037
100 6.00 ± 0.70 age 1,41 12.320 0.001
poly I:C 35 6.86 ± 0.32 interaction 1,41 0.180 0.674
100 4.35 ± 0.59
Hipp control 35 6.95 ± 0.53 MIS 1,47 6.323 0.015
100 9.26 ± 0.84 age 1,47 0.183 0.671
poly I:C 35 7.07 ± 0.36 interaction 1,47 7.171 0.010
100 5.39 ± 0.42
Thal control 35 9.29 ± 0.93 MIS 1,49 0.836 0.365
100 6.67 ± 1.04 age 1,49 9.405 0.003
poly I:C 35 8.67 ± 0.60 interaction 1,49 0.066 0.798
100 5.58 ± 0.45
Nacc control 35 15.04 ± 1.16 MIS 1,40 0.461 0.501
100 11.93 ± 1.44 age 1,40 3.781 0.059
poly I:C 35 13.74 ± 0.77 interaction 1,40 0.054 0.817
100 11.29 ± 1.73
CPu control 35 10.96 ± 0.99 MIS 1,47 3.294 0.076
100 9.64 ± 2.41 age 1,47 0.422 0.519
poly I:C 35 7.44 ± 0.82 interaction 1,47 0.002 0.959
100 6.31 ± 0.71
GP control 35 14.16 ± 1.29 MIS 1,43 0.052 0.821
100 8.07 ± 1.10 age 1,43 17.963 0.000
poly I:C 35 14.20 ± 1.35 interaction 1,43 0.067 0.798
100 7.33 ± 2.12
VTA control 35 18.08 ± 1.32 MIS 1,48 0.274 0.603
100 10.55 ± 1.15 age 1,48 4.552 0.038
poly I:C 35 15.46 ± 2.24 interaction 1,48 3.772 0.058
100 15.10 ± 1.99
Gutamate mPFC control 35 100.73 ± 1.82 MIS 1,45 0.591 0.446
100 105.43 ± 3.11 age 1,45 2.136 0.151
poly I:C 35 98.14 ± 2.43 interaction 1,45 1.030 0.316
100 124.19 ± 20.35
Hipp control 35 73.85 ± 1.59 MIS 1.50 0.226 0.637
100 86.40 ± 3.83 age 1,50 13.631 0.001
poly I:C 35 74.22 ± 2.62 interaction 1,50 0.142 0.708
100 89.62 ± 3.40
Thal control 35 88.19 ± 3.17 MIS 1,50 0.506 0.480
100 88.6 ± 4.90 age 1,50 0.431 0.515
poly I:C 35 88.33 ± 2.72 interaction 1,50 0.546 0.464
100 81.00 ± 5.86
Nacc control 35 65.12 ± 2.60 MIS 1,47 0.644 0.426
100 71.38 ± 3.52 age 1,47 9.387 0.003
poly I:C 35 64.31 ± 1.95 interaction 1,47 1.123 0.294
100 77.21 ± 2.61
CPu control 35 74.17 ± 2.45 MIS 1,48 0.137 0.712
100 66.71 ± 2.92 age 1,48 8.458 0.006
poly I:C 35 76.43 ± 1.90 interaction 1,48 0.924 0.341
100 61.60 ± 5.31
GP control 35 37.73 ± 1.78 MIS 1,49 0.248 0.621
100 47.62 ± 4.16 age 1,49 7.735 0.008
poly I:C 35 37.90 ± 0.96 interaction 1,49 0.210 0.649
100 51.69 ± 4.61
VTA control 35 49.99 ± 1.69 MIS 1,48 0.027 0.870
100 69.76 ± 10.88 age 1,48 4.688 0.035
poly I:C 35 45.73 ± 2.69 interaction 1,48 0.062 0.804
100 70.63 ± 9.68
GABA mPFC control 35 17.34 ± 0.41 MIS 1,45 0.838 0.365
100 21.31 ± 0.81 age 1,45 5.664 0.022
poly I:C 35 17.82 ± 0.57 interaction 1,45 0.507 0.480
100 25.19 ± 4.57
Hipp control 35 22.94 ± 1.18 MIS 1,50 0.024 0.877
100 26.93 ± 1.06 age 1,50 15.156 0.000
poly I:C 35 22.15 ± 0.90 interaction 1,50 0.260 0.613
100 27.35 ± 1.09
Thal control 35 22.30 ± 1.66 MIS 1,51 0.000 0.977
100 27.28 ± 1.47 age 1,51 11.343 0.001
poly I:C 35 20.97 ± 0.65 interaction 1,51 0.468 0.497
100 28.50 ± 2.33
Nacc control 35 58.68 ± 3.60 MIS 1,47 0.494 0.485
100 45.59 ± 4.31 age 1,47 5.353 0.025
poly I:C 35 53.39 ± 4.64 interaction 1,47 0.152 0.698
100 44.08 ± 5.33
CPu control 35 16.75 ± 0.88 MIS 1,48 0.026 0.871
100 32.43 ± 6.00 age 1,48 7.95 0.007
poly I:C 35 18.41 ± 0.53 interaction 0.023 0.879
100 32.48 ± 5.35
GP control 35 55.16 ± 4.17 MIS 1,49 0.292 0.592
100 51.02 ± 4.27 age 1,49 9.930 0.003
poly I:C 35 62.36 ± 3.27 interaction 1,49 4.831 0.033
100 39.13 ± 3.51
VTA control 35 51.86 ± 3.57 MIS 1,48 0.006 0.940
100 46.77 ± 4.04 age 1,48 0.652 0.423
poly I:C 35 50.28 ± 4.80 interaction 1,48 0.064 0.801
100 47.62 ± 4.61