Table 2.
Clinical manifestations of 31 patients with invasive fungal tracheobronchitis
| Variable | No. of patients (%) |
|---|---|
| APACHE II score on ICU admission, mean ± SD | 23.1 ± 10.4 |
| AKI requiring RRT | 14 (45.2) |
| RF before diagnosis reached | 31 (100) |
| Time in the ICU before diagnosis, days (IQR) | 5 (1.8–8) |
| Length of ICU stay, days (IQR) | 14 (8–27) |
| Concurrent bacterial sepsis | 18 (58.1) |
| Parenchymal involvement | 31 (100) |
| CT scan | 21 (67.7) |
| Consolidation | 19 (61.3) |
| Cavitation | 4 (12.9) |
| Air crescent sign | 1 (3.2) |
| Bronchoscopic classification | |
| Pseudomembranous | 27 (87.1) |
| Ulcerative | 12 (38.7) |
| Obstructive | 4 (12.9) |
| Diagnosis of IFT | |
| Proven | 25 (80.6) |
| Probable | 6 (19.4) |
| Pathogen | |
| Aspergillus spp. | 19 (61.3) |
| Aspergillus fumigatus | 11 (35.4) |
| Aspergillus flavus | 2 (6.5) |
| Aspergillus terrus | 1 (3.2) |
| Undifferentiated Aspergillus species | 5 (16.1) |
| Mucorales | 8 (25.8) |
| Candida spp. | 2 (6.5) |
| Undifferentiated mold | 2 (6.5) |
| BAL fungal culture | |
| Positive | 25 (80.6) |
| Negative | 6 (19.4) |
| Galactomannan level in Aspergillus tracheobronchitis | |
| Serum (index) | 3.44 ± 2.8 |
| BAL (index) | 4.87 ± 2.6 |
| Antifungal therapy | 29 (93.5) |
| Voriconazole | 15 (48.4) |
| Echinocandin | 19 (61.3) |
| Combination therapy | 8 (25.8) |
APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, ICU intensive care unit, SD standard deviation, AKI acute kidney injury, RRT renal replacement therapy, RF respiratory failure, IQR interquartile range, CT computed tomography, IFT invasive fungal tracheobronchitis, BAL bronchoalveolar lavage