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. 2016 Jun 17;595(2):505–521. doi: 10.1113/JP272208

Figure 3. Enteral instillation of glucose or pyruvate protected against RIP‐dependent epithelial necroptosis in ischaemic gut.

Figure 3

Control (CON) and Isch rats were enterally instilled with glucose (G), pyruvate (Pyr) or vehicle (veh) to examine the anti‐necrotic effects. A and B, immunoprecipitation blotting showed that enteral glucose or pyruvate prevented the formation of RIP1‐RIP3 complex and phosphorylation of RIP1 in the jejunal mucosa of Isch rats. The experiments were repeated twice and similar results were obtained (n = 3 per group). C, representative photoimages of the histological changes in CON and Isch rat intestines given glucose or pyruvate. Enteral glucose or pyruvate alleviated the ischaemia‐induced mucosal damage and villous destruction. Administration of phloridzin (PHZ; a SGLT1 inhibitor) but not phloretin (PHT; a GLU2 inhibitor) abolished glucose protection. Magnification 200×. D, histopathological scores in the jejunal tissues of CON and Isch rats administered various substrates. * P < 0.05 vs. ‘Isch + G’ (n = 6 per group) E, intracellular ATP levels in ischaemic gut tissues. F, pyruvate levels in gut mucosa. * P < 0.05 vs. CON, # P < 0.05 vs. ‘Isch + Veh’ (n = 6 per group). [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]