Table 2.
Neurotransmitters that (could) activate enteric glia
| Neurotransmitter | Receptor (subunit or substrate) | Method | Source | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | Muscarinic* | fluo4 | CRL‐2690 cell line and human duodenal SMP in vitro | (Boesmans et al. 2013) |
| Nicotinic* | fluo4 | Mouse colon MP in situ | (Broadhead et al. 2012) | |
| α3‐Nicotinic | IHC | Mouse colon MP in situ | (MacEachern et al. 2011) | |
| Catecholamines | α2a‐Adrenergic receptor | IHC | Rat ileum/colon MP in situ | (Nasser et al. 2006b) |
| Glutamate | mGluR5 | IHC | Guinea pig ileum/colon SMP/MP in situ | (Nasser et al. 2007) |
| Mouse ileum/colon SMP/MP in situ | ||||
| Rat ileum/colon SMP/MP in situ | ||||
| AMPA (GluR1 and GluR3) | ICC | Rat small intestine MP in vitro | (von Boyen et al. 2006) | |
| KA (GluR5) | ||||
| NMDA (NR2A/B) | ||||
| NMDA (NR1) | IHC | Human colon MP in situ | (Giaroni et al. 2003) | |
| Purinergic | A2B (adenosine) | IHC | Rat ileum MP in situ | (Vieira et al. 2011) |
| Human jejunum/colon in situ | (Christofi et al. 2001) | |||
| P2Y1 (ADP) | fluo4 | Mouse colon MP in situ | (McClain et al. 2014) | |
| fluo4 | Guinea pig colon MP in situ | (Gulbransen & Sharkey, 2009) | ||
| fluo4 | Mouse embryonic cultures in vitro | (Gulbransen et al. 2012) | ||
| P2Y4 (ATP, UTP) | IHC/fluo4 | Mouse/guinea pig colon MP in situ | (Gulbransen & Sharkey, 2009) | |
| IHC | Guinea pig ileum/colon SMP in situ | (Van Nassauw et al. 2006) | ||
| ICC/fura2 | Guinea pig colon MP in vitro | (Kimball & Mulholland, 1996) | ||
| Serotonin | Not tested | fura2 | Guinea pig MP in vitro | (Kimball & Mulholland, 1996) |
| 5‐HT2 * | fluo4 | CRL‐2690 cell line and human duodenal SMP in vitro | (Boesmans et al. 2013) |
AMPA, α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ICC, immunocytochemistry; IHC, immunohistochemistry; KA, kainate; metabotropic glutamate receptor; MP, myenteric plexus; NMDA, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate; SMP, submucosal plexus. *Receptor determined only by pharmacological inhibition and not confirmed by ICC/IHC.