Table 1.
Comparison of 2D iPSC modeling to other patient-derived models of cancer
| Immortalized cell lines | Conditional reprogramming | 3D organotypic cultures | PDX | Tumor-derived iPSCs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate of initial establishment | Moderate | Moderate (only epithelial cancers) | Moderate | ~2/3 of samples | Low/moderate |
| Derivation time | 2–4 months | 2–6 months | 2–6 months | >6 months | 2–4 months* |
| Ease of maintenance/required expertise | High/low | Moderate/high | Low/high | Moderate/high | Low/high |
| Expansion/scalability | Very high | Unknown | High | High | Very high |
| Cost | Low | Moderate | High | High | High |
| Amenability to high throughput | High | Unknown | Moderate | Moderate | High |
| Modeling early-stage cancer and premalignancy |
No | Unknown | Yes | No | Yes |
| Amenability | High | Unknown | High | Low | High |
| Autologous | No | Unknown | Yes | No | Yes |
| Isogenic | Yes | Unknown | Yes | No | Yes |
| Genetic | Yes | Unknown but likely | Unknown but likely | Yes | Yes |
| Microenvironmental | No | No | Yes | Xenogeneic | Possible (co-culture) |
Asterisk (*) indicates that it includes differentiation to the target cell type.