Table 3.
DRS-R98 scores for the 400 subjects according to the clinical setting for each of the four diagnostic groups: NDND, dementia-only, SSD, and delirium
| DRS-R98 | NDND (n = 124) |
Dementia-only (n = 119) |
SSD (n = 77) |
Delirium (n = 80) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH (n = 63) | GH (n = 61) | NH (n = 49) | GH (n = 70) | NH (n = 34) | GH (n = 43) | NH (n = 54) | GH (n = 26) | |
| 1. Sleep-wake cycle disturbance | 0.43 ± 0.53 | 0.64 ± 0.68 | 0.37 ± 0.49 | 0.89 ± 0.83∗ | 0.97 ± 0.67 | 1.33 ± 0.81 | 1.61 ± 0.71 | 1.27 ± 0.83 |
| 2. Perceptions and hallucinations | 0.13 ± 0.55 | 0.02 ± 0.13 | 0.33 ± 0.90 | 0.17 ± 0.64 | 0.71 ± 1.12 | 0.58 ± 1.12 | 0.50 ± 0.93 | 0.23 ± 0.71 |
| 3. Delusions | 0.17 ± 0.61 | 0∗ | 0.51 ± 1.04 | 0.06 ± 0.38∗ | 0.71 ± 1.03 | 0.19 ± 0.59∗ | 0.35 ± 0.83 | 0.12 ± 0.33 |
| 4. Lability of affect | 0.06 ± 0.25 | 0.02 ± 0.13 | 0.27 ± 0.53 | 0.13 ± 0.34 | 0.59 ± 0.66 | 0.26 ± 0.54∗ | 0.56 ± 0.69 | 0.46 ± 0.58 |
| 5. Language | 0.10 ± 0.43 | 0.03 ± 0.18 | 0.33 ± 0.66 | 0.09 ± 0.28∗ | 0.79 ± 0.91 | 0.58 ± 0.73 | 1.41 ± 1.02 | 0.77 ± 1.07∗ |
| 6. Thought process abnormalities | 0.19 ± 0.40 | 0∗ | 0.39 ± 0.64 | 0.06 ± 0.23∗ | 1.06 ± 0.73 | 0.44 ± 0.67∗ | 1.43 ± 1.02 | 0.96 ± 1.04 |
| 7. Motor agitation | 0.03 ± 0.18 | 0.07 ± 0.25 | 0.08 ± 0.34 | 0.13 ± 0.34 | 0.68 ± 0.81 | 0.56 ± 0.67 | 0.89 ± 0.90 | 0.65 ± 0.89 |
| 8. Motor retardation | 0.11 ± 0.32 | 0.13 ± 0.39 | 0.16 ± 0.37 | 0.11 ± 0.32 | 0.76 ± 0.89 | 0.70 ± 0.74 | 1.39 ± 0.98 | 0.69 ± 0.74∗ |
| 9. Orientation | 0.25 ± 0.57 | 0.08 ± 0.28 | 1.10 ± 0.85 | 0.40 ± 0.71∗ | 1.50 ± 0.83 | 1.09 ± 0.75∗ | 2.07 ± 0.84 | 1.96 ± 0.77 |
| 10. Attention | 0.19 ± 0.43 | 0.10 ± 0.30 | 0.31 ± 0.55 | 0.23 ± 0.46 | 1.29 ± 0.52 | 1.51 ± 0.59 | 1.91 ± 0.85 | 1.85 ± 0.61 |
| 11. Short-term memory | 0.06 ± 0.30 | 0.80 ± 0.93∗ | 0.37 ± 0.83 | 1.54 ± 1.07∗ | 0.62 ± 1.04 | 1.84 ± 1.02∗ | 1.04 ± 1.10 | 2.46 ± 0.71∗ |
| 12. Long-term memory | 0.89 ± 1.03 | 1.13 ± 0.99 | 1.78 ± 0.98 | 1.47 ± 1.15 | 2.24 ± 1.05 | 2.19 ± 0.96 | 2.33 ± 0.97 | 2.81 ± 0.40∗ |
| 13. Visuospatial ability | 0.11 ± 0.32 | 0.51 ± 1.48∗ | 0.57 ± 0.91 | 0.81 ± 0.82∗ | 1.24 ± 0.99 | 1.56 ± 0.70 | 2.06 ± 1.00 | 1.77 ± 0.65 |
| 14. Temporal onset of symptoms | 0.03 ± 0.18 | 0.08 ± 0.33 | 0.18 ± 0.39 | 0.24 ± 0.60 | 1.41 ± 0.56 | 1.56 ± 0.73 | 1.76 ± 0.80 | 1.42 ± 0.81 |
| 15. Fluctuation of symptoms | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.06 ± 0.23 | 0.62 ± 0.60 | 0.30 ± 0.51∗ | 0.94 ± 0.56 | 0.35 ± 0.56∗ |
| 16. Physical disorder | 0.13 ± 0.38 | 0.43 ± 0.76∗ | 0.22 ± 0.47 | 0.57 ± 0.91 | 1.38 ± 0.70 | 0.95 ± 0.97 | 1.61 ± 0.56 | 1.12 ± 0.95∗ |
| DRS-R98 severity scale | 2.73 ± 2.52 | 3.52 ± 2.72 | 6.55 ± 3.72 | 6.09 ± 3.68 | 13.21 ± 6.15 | 12.81 ± 4.90 | 17.63 ± 7.05 | 16.00 ± 4.48 |
| DRS-R98 total scale | 2.89 ± 2.71 | 4.03 ± 3.00∗ | 6.96 ± 3.82 | 6.96 ± 4.36 | 16.56 ± 6.62 | 15.63 ± 5.92 | 21.85 ± 7.82 | 18.88 ± 5.51 |
Abbreviations: DRS-R98, Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98; GH, general hospital; NDND, no-delirium/no-dementia; NH, nursing home; SSD, subsyndromal delirium.
NOTE. Values are expressed as the means ± standard deviation; P values between sites within each group. Pairwise comparisons are made by the Mann-Whitney U test with P values at <.05.
∗
Values with significant difference between the two sites.