Advax activates DCs in vivo but not in vitro. (a–c) Bone marrow-derived DCs were stimulated with 1 mg/mL alum, 1 mg/mL Advax or 50 ng/mL LPS for 24 h in vitro, and then the expression of CD40 on pDCs was evaluated. (d–f) C57BL/6J mice were injected with 0.67 mg alum, 1 mg Advax or 50 ng LPS at the base of the tail. Twenty-four hours after injection, the inguinal lymph nodes were collected, treated with DNase I and collagenase. Then, the cells were stained and the expression of CD40 on pDCs was analyzed by FACS. Results are representative of three separate experiments.