Table 3. Risk Factors Associated with Relaparotomy.

		Treatment modality**
Variables		drainage	relaparotomy	χ2	p value
Gender	Male	66	15
	Female	14	4	0.130	0.718
Age (year)	<70	70	14
	≥70	10	5	2.280	0.131
Diabetes	Yes	13	6
	No	69	11	3.431	0.064
Anemia	Yes	7	1
	No	73	18	0.251	0.616
Hypo-proteinemia	Yes	2	0
	No	78	19	0.485	0.486
T stage	0–2	24	8
	3–4	56	11	1.028	0.311
N stage	0	41	12
	1–2	39	7	0.875	0.350
neo-CRT	Yes	12	2
	No	44	10	0.137	0.711
Tumor location	Colon/high rectum	24	7
	Mid-low rectum	56	12	0.334	0.563
Laparascopy	Yes	16	4
	No	64	15	0.011	0.918
Curative resection	Yes	75	18
	No	5	1	0.026	0.871
Reinforce of anastomosis	Yes	27	6
	No	53	13	0.033	0.857
Reconstruction of post-peritoneum	Yes	47	9
	No	9	3	0.542	0.462
Protective stoma	Yes	12	2
	No	44	10	0.137	0.711
Leakage time (days after surgery)	≤5	15	7
	>5	65	12	2.908	0.088
Peritonitis	Yes	1	12
	No	79	7	51.586	6.8E-13

*for mid-low rectal carcinoma only (n = 70). **two cases receiving delayed relaparatomy due to failure of conservative therapy were excluded.