Table 1. Baseline demographic and lifestyle characteristics by history of diabetes at recruitment and follow-up.
| History of prevalent diabetes at recruitment | No history of diabetes at recruitment | History of incident diabetes at follow-up | No history of diabetes at follow-up | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 5,671 | 57,458 | 3,435 | 44,434 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Men | 2,422 (42.7) | 22,516 (44.4) | 1,545 (45.0) | 18,996 (42.8) |
| Women | 3,249 (57.3) | 31,942 (55.6) | 1,890 (55.0) | 25,438 (57.2) |
| Age at interview ± SD, years | 60.1 ± 7.7 | 56.1 ± 8.0 | 74.0 (18.0) | 69.5 (17.4) |
| BMI, mean ± SD | 24.0 ± 3.3 | 23.0 ± 3.2 | 24.5 (3.7) | 23.0 (3.5) |
| BMI categories, n (%) | ||||
| <23 kg/m2 | 2,056 (36.3) | 28,289 (49.2) | 1,189 (34.6) | 22,886 (51.5) |
| 23-> 25 kg/m2 | 1,909 (33.7) | 17,151 (29.9) | 1,597 (46.5) | 17,228 (38.8) |
| >25 kg/m2 | 1,706 (30.1) | 12,018 (20.9) | 649 (18.9) | 4,320 (9.7) |
| Level of education, n (%) | ||||
| No formal education | 1,993 (35.1) | 15,264 (26.6) | 1,012 (29.5) | 10,947 (24.6) |
| Primary | 2,490 (43.9) | 25,516 (44.4) | 1,530 (44.5) | 19,846 (44.7) |
| Secondary or above | 1,188 (21.0) | 16,678 (29.0) | 893 (26.0) | 13,641 (30.7) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never | 3,847 (67.8) | 39,967 (69.5) | 2,253 (65.6) | 30,669 (69.0) |
| Former | 908 (16.0) | 6,078 (10.6) | 683 (19.9) | 6,464 (14.6) |
| Current | 916 (16.2) | 11,413 (19.9) | 499 (14.5) | 7,301 (16.4) |
| Moderate activity ± SD, hours/week | 0.9 (2.6) | 0.9 (2.6) | 0.9 (2.6) | 0.9 (2.6) |
| Vigorous work ± SD, hours/week | 0.3 (2.1) | 0.6 (3.2) | 0.6 (3.5) | 0.6 (3.3) |
| Strenuous sports ± SD, hours/week | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.2 (1.0) | 0.2 (0.9) | 0.2 (1.0) |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 698 (12.3) | 1,890 (3.3) | 406 (11.8) | 1,969 (4.4) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 272 (4.8) | 670 (1.2) | 252 (7.3) | 1,156 (2.6) |