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. 2017 Jan 13;7:40913. doi: 10.1038/srep40913

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

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(a) Cycle experiments illustrating reversible switching of contact angle (CA) and (b) AFM Young’s modulus of the PAM-g-lactose_0.11 film upon alternative treatment by acidic Neu5Ac solution and neutral pure water. Each CA measurement or Young’s modulus image was conducted at least 3 times in different position of a film to ensure the reliability of data. (c) An ideal transformation model shows possible reversible contraction-swelling conformational change of the polymer chains induced by the adsorption/desorption of Neu5Ac. (d) Partial ¹H NMR spectra of PAM-g-lactose_0.11 (brown), Neu5Ac (green) and their mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1 (blue) in D₂O at 20 °C. Clear shifts of some protons of the grafted lactose unit and Neu5Ac guests revealed the intensive hydrogen bond interactions between lactose and Neu5Ac.