Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics and history of malaria in malnourished and nourished under-five children in Shashogo, Southern Ethiopia, 2015
| Variables | Frequency (%) | Malnourished n (%) |
Nourished n (%) |
Crude OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, in months | 6–12a | 74 (20.8) | 21 (28.4) | 53 (71.6) | 1 (0.603–1.654) | 0.06 |
| 13–25 | 107 (30.1) | 37 (34.6) | 70 (65.4) | 1.39 (0.936–2.07) | ||
| 26–38 | 126 (35.4) | 20 (15.9) | 106 (84.1) | 0.505 (0.316–0.806) | ||
| 39–59 | 49 (13.7) | 11 (22.5) | 38 (77.5) | 0.819 (0.427–1.57) | ||
| Sex | Malea | 160 (44.9) | 45 (28.1) | 115 (71.9) | 1 (0.712–1.400) | 0.17 |
| Female | 196 (55.1) | 44 (22.4) | 152 (77.6) | 0.716 (0.514–1.00) | ||
| Family size | <4a | 49 (13.8) | 12 (24.5) | 37 (75.5) | 1 (0.532–1.89) | 0.35 |
| 4–6 | 136 (38.2) | 28 (20.6) | 108 (79.4) | 0.751 (0.499–1.330) | ||
| >6 | 171 (48.0) | 49 (28.7) | 122 (71.3) | 1.144 (0.823–1.593) | ||
| Family monthly income | <USD 15a | 188 (52.8) | 61 (32.4) | 127 (67.6) | 1 (0.744–1.364) | 0.0001* |
| USD 15–25 | 98 (27.5) | 21 (21.4) | 77 (78.6) | 0.578 (0.360–0.93) | ||
| ≥USD 25 | 70 (19.7) | 7 (10.0) | 63 (90.0) | 0.222 (0.100–0.484) | ||
| Marital status of the caregiver | Marrieda | 333 (93.5) | 78 (23.4) | 255 (76.6) | 1 (0.762–1.317) | 0.763 |
| Single | 3 (0.8) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0.730 (0.421–1.265) | ||
| Divorced | 6 (1.7) | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 5.464 (1.000–29.833) | ||
| Widowed | 10 (2.8) | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | ------- | ||
| Separated | 4 (1.2) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 2.732 (0.385–19.396) | ||
| Literacy/ educational status of the caregiver | Cannot read or write | 249 (69.9) | 70 (28.1) | 179 (71.9) | 1 (0.756–1.31) | 0.066 |
| Can read or | 16 (4.5) | 2 (33.3) | 14 (66.7) | 0.349 (0.078–1.534) | ||
| Primary (1–8) | 84 (23.6) | 16 (19.0) | 68 (81.0) | 0.620 (0.363–1.054) | ||
| Secondary and above | 7 (2.0) | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | 0.407 (0.049-3.376) | ||
| Occupation of the caregiver | Housewifea | 262 (73.6) | 73 (27.7) | 189 (72.1) | 1 (0.756–0.293) | 0.085 |
| Farmer | 82 (23.0) | 16 (19.5) | 66 (80.5) | 0.659 (0.381–1.11) | ||
| Student | 9 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 9 (100.0) | ----- | ||
| Pprivate worker | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (100.0) | ------ | ||
| Religion of the caregiver | Christiana | 220 (61.8) | 49 (22.3) | 171 (77.7) | 1 (0.732–1.368) | 0.107 |
| Muslim | 132 (37.1) | 38 (28.8) | 94 (71.2) | 1.391 (0.957–2.02) | ||
| Other | 4 (1.1) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 3.311 (0.467–23.507) | ||
| Previous malaria status | Negativea | 254 (71.4) | 52 (20.5) | 202 (79.5) | 1.00 (0.742–1.346) | 0.016* |
| Positive | 102 (28.6) | 37 (36.3) | 65 (63.7) | 1.96 (1.304–2.940) | ||
| Type of Plasmodium species | P. falciparum a | 36 (35.3) | 10 (27.8) | 26 (72.2) | 1.00 (0.481–2.073) | 0.22 |
| P. vivax | 66 (64.7) | 27 (40.9) | 39 (59.1) | 1.73 (1.055–2.844) | ||
| Elapsed time since last malaria onset | 2–5 monthsa | 63 (61.8) | 22 (34.9) | 41 (65.1) | 1.00 (0.596–1.678) | 0.67 |
| 6–12 months | 39 (38.2) | 14 (35.9) | 25 (64.1) | 0.97 (0.484–1.953) |
*Statistically significant when P < 0.05
areference category