Table 2.
Study design features and assessment of study quality.
| Data collection | Nature of data | Observation periods* | Study quality |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Selectiona (max = 4) |
Comparabilityb (max = 2) |
Outcomec (max = 3) |
Total score (max = 9) |
|||
| Alexander 1974 | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Not specified | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Anglin and Speckart (1988) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: I |
Pre Mean = 4.8 yrs Post Mean = 14.75 yrs |
2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Beckett and Lodge (1971) | Unclear | Objective: court records Subjective: I |
Not specified | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| Chambers et al. (1970) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: I |
Pre Mean = 4.1 yrs Post Mean = 7.8 yrs |
2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| Cushman (1974) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Pre Mean = 5.5 yrs Post Mean = 13.3 yrs |
3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Gordon (1973) | Retrospective# | Objective: CR Subjective: I |
Pre Mean = 60.5 m Post not specified |
3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| James and D’Orban (1970) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Not specified | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| James et al. (1979) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: I |
Pre > 5 yrs Post Mean = 1.8 yrs |
3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Jarvis and Parker (1989) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: SR |
Not specified | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| McGlothlin et al. (1978) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: SR |
Pre = 12 m Post = 12 m |
2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Mott and Taylor (1974) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Pre Mean = 8.4 yrs Post Mean = 2.8 yrs |
2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| Mott (1975) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Pre not specified Post =2 yrs |
2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| Mott and Rathod (1976) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: I | Pre not specified Post = 2–4 yrs |
2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| Nurco and DuPont (1977) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: I | Not specified | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| O’Donnell (1966) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Pre not specified Post = 2–28 yrs |
2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| Parker and Newcombe (1987) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Pre not specified Post = 1–9 yrs |
3 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Vorenberg and Lukoff (1973) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Not specified | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Weissman et al. (1974) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Pre = 1.5–9.6 yrs Post = 3.3–4.3 yrs |
2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Weissman et al. (1976) | Retrospective | Objective: CR Subjective: I | Pre = 2.3–7.5 yrs Post = 3.4–5.8 yrs |
2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Wiepert et al. (1979) | Retrospective | Objective: CR | Pre = max 7.1 yrs Post = max 8.5 yrs |
2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
a
Representativeness, selection, exposure.
b
Study controls.
c
Assessment of outcome, length of FU, adequate FU. CR: Criminal Records. I: Interview. SR: self-report.
*
Estimated from data presented in the paper.
#
FU reported in other publications by the same author.