Table 5.
Recorded crime categories.
| Pre-opiate use offending rate | Post-opiate use offending rate | Rate ratio | 95% CIa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Theft | ||||
| Alexander 1974 (n = 101) | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.67 | 0.24–1.9 |
| Anglin 1988 (White group: n = 275) | 0.03 | 0.11 | 3.7 | 1.7–7.9 |
| Anglin 1988 (Mexican American group: n = 228) | 0.04 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 1.2–5.4 |
| Cushman, 1974 (n = 210)b | 0.01 | 0.11 | 8.3 | 6.6–10.5 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1962–64 group: n = 277)c | 0.05 | 0.10 | 2.0 | 1.0–3.8 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1970 group: n = 175)c | 0.12 | 0.23 | 1.9 | 1.1–3.2 |
| Mott 1974 (male group: n = 207) | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.95 | 0.58–1.5 |
| Weissman (1974) (Black group: n = 113) | 0.47 | 0.55 | 1.1 | 0.80–1.7 |
| Weissman (1974) (Hispanic group: n = 86) | 0.41 | 0.58 | 1.4 | 0.92–2.2 |
| Weissman (1974) (White group: n = 77) | 0.50 | 0.31 | 0.63 | 0.38–1.0 |
| Weissman (1974) (male group: n = 223) | 0.43 | 0.50 | 1.2 | 0.88–1.5 |
| Weissman (1974) (female group: n = 53) | 0.59 | 0.86 | 1.5 | 0.93–2.3 |
| Weissman (1974) (13–20 onset group: n = 109) | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.95 | 0.65–1.4 |
| Weissman (1974) (21–25 onset group: n = 99) | 0.41 | 0.75 | 1.8 | 1.2–2.7 |
| Weissman (1974) (26+ onset group: n = 68) | 0.44 | 0.41 | 0.94 | 0.56–1.6 |
| Weissman (1976) (Black group: n = 73) | 0.20 | 0.50 | 2.5 | 1.4–4.6 |
| Weissman (1976) (Mexican American group: n = 81) | 0.11 | 0.27 | 2.4 | 1.1–5.3 |
| Weissman (1976) (White group: n = 46) | 0.08 | 0.25 | 3.1 | 0.97–10.1 |
| Weissman (1976) (male group: n = 167) | 0.15 | 0.35 | 2.3 | 1.5–3.7 |
| Weissman (1976) (female group: n = 33) | 0.05 | 0.35 | 7.0 | 1.4–35.7 |
| Weissman (1976) (13–17 onset group: n = 51) | 0.05 | 0.35 | 7.0 | 1.9–26.0 |
| Weissman (1976) (18–21 onset group: n = 83) | 0.19 | 0.35 | 1.8 | 1.0–3.4 |
| Weissman (1976) (22+ onset group: n = 66) | 0.14 | 0.36 | 2.6 | 1.2–5.5 |
| Burglary | ||||
| Alexander 1974 (n = 101)d | 0.09 | 0.10 | 1.1 | 0.45–2.7 |
| Anglin 1988 (White group: n = 275) | 0.08 | 0.20 | 2.5 | 1.5–4.1 |
| Anglin 1988 (Mexican American group: n = 228) | 0.16 | 0.19 | 1.2 | 0.76–1.8 |
| Cushman, 1974 (n = 210)e | 0.01 | 0.09 | 9.7 | 7.7–12.2 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1962–64 group: n = 277) | 0.16 | 0.25 | 1.6 | 0.60–4.1 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1970 group: n = 175) | 0.23 | 0.46 | 2.0 | 1.4–2.9 |
| Mott 1974 (male group: n = 207)g | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.79 | 0.40–1.5 |
| Weissman (1974) (Black group: n = 113) | 0.12 | 0.47 | 4.0 | 2.2–7.3 |
| Weissman (1974) (Hispanic group: n = 86) | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.83 | 0.48–1.4 |
| Weissman (1974) (White group: n = 77) | 0.23 | 0.24 | 1.0 | 0.54–2.0 |
| Weissman (1974) (male group: n = 223) | 0.25 | 0.46 | 1.8 | 1.3–2.5 |
| Weissman (1974) (female group: n = 53) | 0.03 | 0.08 | 2.8 | 0.45–17.0 |
| Weissman (1974) (13–20 onset group: n = 109) | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.74 | 0.45–1.2 |
| Weissman (1974) (21–25 onset group: n = 99) | 0.12 | 0.59 | 4.8 | 2.6–8.9 |
| Weissman (1974) (26+ onset group: n = 68) | 0.13 | 0.30 | 2.3 | 1.1–5.0 |
| Weissman (1976) (Black group: n = 73) | 0.10 | 0.18 | 1.8 | 0.73–4.4 |
| Weissman (1976) (Mexican American group: n = 81) | 0.13 | 0.24 | 1.8 | 0.9–3.9 |
| Weissman (1976) (White group: n = 46) | 0.03 | 0.20 | 6.7 | 1.1–39.9 |
| Weissman (1976) (male group: n = 167) | 0.11 | 0.23 | 2.1 | 1.2–3.6 |
| Weissman (1976) (female group: n = 33) | 0.002 | 0.10 | 50.0 | 0.02–110727.0 |
| Weissman (1976) (13–17 onset group: n = 51) | 0.00 | 0.23 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (18–21 onset group: n = 83) | 0.14 | 0.21 | 1.5 | 0.71–3.1 |
| Weissman (1976) (22+ onset group: n = 66) | 0.12 | 0.18 | 1.5 | 0.61–3.7 |
| Violence | ||||
| Alexander 1974 (n = 101) | 0.03 | 0.04 | 1.3 | 0.30–5.9 |
| Anglin 1988 (White group: n = 275) | 0.02 | 0.04 | 2.0 | 0.72–5.6 |
| Anglin 1988 (Mexican American group: n = 228) | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.56 | 0.27–1.1 |
| Cushman, 1974 (n = 210) | 0.003 | 0.02 | 6.7 | 5.3–8.4 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1962–64 group: n = 277) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.0 | 0.38–2.6 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1970 group: n = 175) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 1.7 | 0.65–4.3 |
| Mott 1974 (male group: n = 207) | 0.04 | 0.04 | 1.03 | 0.41–2.6 |
| Weissman (1974) (Black group: n = 113)f | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.68 | 0.29–1.6 |
| Weissman (1974) (Hispanic group: n = 86)f | 0.09 | 0.19 | 2.1 | 0.90–4.9 |
| Weissman (1974) (White group: n = 77)f | 0.05 | 0.33 | 6.1 | 2.2–17.3 |
| Weissman (1974) (male group: n = 223)f | 0.10 | 0.11 | 1.1 | 0.61–1.9 |
| Weissman (1974) (female group: n = 53)f | 0.03 | 0.50 | 16.0 | 3.3–77.4 |
| Weissman (1974) (13–20 onset group: n = 109)f | 0.10 | 0.19 | 2.0 | 0.94–4.1 |
| Weissman (1974) (21–25 onset group: n = 99)f | 0.06 | 0.27 | 4.6 | 1.9–11.4 |
| Weissman (1974) (26+ onset group: n = 68)f | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.39 | 0.11–1.4 |
| Weissman (1976) (Black group: n = 73)f | 0.05 | 0.17 | 3.4 | 1.1–10.9 |
| Weissman (1976) (Mexican American group: n = 81)f | 0.06 | 0.08 | 1.3 | 0.47–3.8 |
| Weissman (1976) (White group: n = 46)f | 0.00 | 0.08 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (male group: n = 167)f | 0.05 | 0.14 | 2.8 | 1.3–6.2 |
| Weissman (1976) (female group: n = 33)f | 0.01 | 0.02 | 2.0 | 0.03–130.0 |
| Weissman (1976) (13–17 onset group: n = 51)f | 0.00 | 0.10 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (18–21 onset group: n = 83)f | 0.08 | 0.15 | 1.9 | 0.73–4.8 |
| Weissman (1976) (22+ onset group: n = 66)f | 0.04 | 0.10 | 2.5 | 0.60–10.4 |
| Robbery | ||||
| Anglin 1988 (White group: n = 275) | 0.02 | 0.03 | 1.5 | 0.51–4.4 |
| Anglin 1988 (Mexican American group: n = 228) | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.88 | 0.28–2.0 |
| Cushman, 1974 (n = 210) | 0.01 | 0.03 | 4.6 | 3.7–5.9 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1962–64 group: n = 277) | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.18–1.4 |
| McGlothlin (1978) (1970 group: n = 175) | 0.02 | 0.10 | 5.0 | 1.6–15.8 |
| Weissman (1974) (Black group: n = 113) | 0.09 | 0.15 | 1.6 | 0.73–3.4 |
| Weissman (1974) (Hispanic group: n = 86) | 0.08 | 0.09 | 1.2 | 0.43–3.4 |
| Weissman (1974) (White group: n = 77) | 0.06 | 0.25 | 4.5 | 1.6–12.7 |
| Weissman (1974) (male group: n = 223) | 0.09 | 0.19 | 2.2 | 1.3–3.8 |
| Weissman (1974) (female group: n = 53) | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.56 | 0.08–4.0 |
| Weissman (1974) (13–20 onset group: n = 109) | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.93 | 0.39–2.2 |
| Weissman (1974) (21–25 onset group: n = 99) | 0.07 | 0.26 | 3.6 | 1.6–8.3 |
| Weissman (1974) (26+ onset group: n = 68) | 0.06 | 0.12 | 2.1 | 0.61–7.0 |
| Weissman (1976) (Black group: n = 73) | 0.06 | 0.08 | 1.3 | 0.39–4.6 |
| Weissman (1976) (Mexican American group: n = 81) | 0.02 | 0.08 | 4.0 | 0.72–22.4 |
| Weissman (1976) (White group: n = 46) | 0.05 | 0.10 | 2.0 | 0.41–9.8 |
| Weissman (1976) (male group: n = 167) | 0.04 | 0.09 | 2.2 | 0.90–5.6 |
| Weissman (1976) (female group: n = 33) | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.57 | 0.07–4.8 |
| Weissman (1976) (13–17 onset group: n = 51) | 0.00 | 0.12 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (18–21 onset group: n = 83) | 0.05 | 0.07 | 1.4 | 0.40–4.9 |
| Weissman (1976) (22+ onset group: n = 66) | 0.06 | 0.07 | 1.2 | 0.30–4.5 |
| Prostitution | ||||
| Cushman, 1974 (n = 210) | 0.001 | 0.03 | 33.0 | 26.2–41.6 |
| Weissman (1974) (male group: n = 223) | 0.001 | 0.003 | 3.0 | 0.02–365.3 |
| Weissman (1974) (female group: n = 53) | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.69 | 0.35–1.3 |
| Weissman (1976)(Black group: n = 73) | 0.001 | 0.11 | 110.0 | 0.08–160774.9 |
| Weissman (1976) (Mexican American group: n = 81) | 0.00 | 0.02 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (White group: n = 46) | 0.00 | 0.02 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (male group: n = 167) | 0.00 | 0.02 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (female group: n = 33) | 0.00 | 0.23 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (13–17 onset group: n = 51) | 0.00 | 0.02 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (18–21 onset group: n = 83) | 0.00 | 0.08 | – | – |
| Weissman (1976) (22+ onset group: n = 66) | 0.001 | 0.05 | 50.0 | 0.02–110727.0 |
a
Calculated using estimated number of events if not reported.
b
‘money’ crime.
c
Petty theft/forgery.
d
Property felony.
e
Crime against property.
f
Assault.
g
‘breaking and entering’.