Table 2. Heritability of colour features in male and female blue tits 
and cross-sex additive genetic covariances 
estimated using bivariate animal models (with s.e. values).
| nb obs | VAm |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corsica | |||||||||
| Blue brightness | 1795 | 3.73 (1.02) | 12.34 | 0.18 (0.05) | 1.59 (0.76) | 9.81 | 0.10 (0.05) | 2.37 (1.30) | 0.97 (0.54) |
| Blue hue | 1795 | 7.48 (4.98) | 0.73 | 0.07 (0.04) | 13.59 (6.18) | 0.96 | 0.11 (0.05) | 10.06 (7.98) | 1.00 (0.87) |
| Blue UV chroma | 1795 | 2.5E10−4 (5.3E10−5) | 4.06 | 0.19 (0.06) | 1.2E10−4 (1.2E10−4) | 3.10 | 0.14 (0.14) | 1.710−4 (7.9E10−5) | 0.99 (0.68) |
| Yellow brightness | 1772 | 0.95 (0.61) | 6.05 | 0.07 (0.05) | 0.73 (0.60) | 5.07 | 0.06 (0.05) | ||
| Yellow chroma | 1957 | 3.6E10−3 (1.2E10−3) | 7.56 | 0.13 (0.04) | 3.6E10−3 (2.7E10−3) | 8.51 | 0.15 (0.11) | 3.6E10−3 (1.7E10−3) | 1.00 (0.63) |
| Rouvière | |||||||||
| Blue brightness | 1650 | 1.35 (1.05) | 7.01 | 0.06 (0.05) | 1.33 (1.27) | 8.15 | 0.07 (0.07) | ||
| Blue hue | 1650 | 17.24 (7.48) | 1.10 | 0.18 (0.07) | 21.37 (5.58) | 1.19 | 0.20 (0.05) | 19.04 (5.65) | 0.99 (0.28) |
| Blue UV chroma | 1650 | 1.6E10−4 (5.7E10−5) | 3.31 | 0.19 (0.07) | 1.9E10−4 (4.3E10−5) | 3.98 | 0.23 (0.05) | 1.6E10−4 (4.5E10−5) | 0.94 (0.25) |
| Yellow brightness | 1570 | 0.74 (0.38) | 5.07 | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.75 (0.93) | 5.00 | 0.07 (0.08) | ||
| Yellow chroma | 1570 | 4.9E10−3 (1.9E10−3) | 11.16 | 0.25 (0.10) | 3.6E10−3 (2.0E10−3) | 9.91 | 0.16 (0.09) | 9.3E10−4 (1.4E10−3) | 0.22 (0.33) |
Abbreviation: nb obs, number of measures for each trait; UV, ultraviolet.
The cross-sex additive genetic correlation is presented only for cases where at least one sex-specific additive genetic variance 
was significant. All significant results (P<0.05) are in bold. Significance of 
was not assessed.