Fig. 3.

Activation of the endogenous human VEGF-A gene by TAT-ATF. (A) Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of VEGF-A mRNA expression. Twelve hours after transduction with or without 500 nM protein, the total RNA was isolated from the cells, and the VEGF-A mRNA level was measured by TaqMan. The level of VEGF-A mRNA was normalized against GAPDH. (B) Activation of endogenous VEGF-A protein production by the DRP protein. HEK293 cells (2 × 10⁴) were treated with or without 500 nM of the protein and then incubated for 24 h. Quantification of the VEGF-A protein in the culture medium was quantified by ELISA. Each point represents the mean ± SD obtained from three independent experiments.