Fig. 4.

The potency of DRPs with different CPPs. Time course of the induction of VEGF-A protein production by TAT-ATF (open square), PTD4-ATF (filled square), and R9-ATF (filled triangle) in HEK293 cells. The cells (2 × 10⁴) were incubated with DRP protein (500 nM) for indicated time intervals. Quantification of the VEGF-A protein in the culture medium was measured as described in Materials and Methods. Fold increase relative to the control was calculated by dividing the quantified concentrations of the VEGF protein from medium cultured in the presence of the protein by those in the absence of the protein. Each point represents the mean ± SD obtained from three independent experiments.