Table 3.
Associations of markers of microbial translocation, monocyte activation, and inflammation with HOMA-IR by HIV and HCV status¶
| Parameter | HOMA-IR Unadjusted | HOMA-IR Demographic-adjusted* | HOMA-IR Fully adjusted** |
|---|---|---|---|
| % Estimate (95% CI) | % Estimate (95% CI) | % Estimate (95% CI) | |
| HIV/HCV coinfected | |||
| I-FABP (per doubling) | −3% (−11%, 5%) p=0.428 | −8% (−15%, 0%) p=0.044 | −5% (−12%, 2%) p=0.174 |
| sCD163 (per doubling)§ | 30% (17%, 45%) p<0.001 | 25% (12%, 40%) p<0.001 | 19% (7%, 33%) p=001 |
| sCD14 (per doubling)§ | −11% (−18%, −4%) p=0.002 | −9% (−15%, −2%) p=0.014 | 0% (−6%, 8%) p=0.833 |
| 1L-6 (per doubling)§ | 1% (−7%, 8%) p=0.884 | 2% (−5%, 11%) p=0.510 | 1% (−6%, 9%) p=0.758 |
| HCV monoinfected | |||
| I-FABP (per doubling) | −2% (−10%, 6%) p=0.597 | −7% (−14%, 1%) p=0.097 | −3% (−10%, 4%) P=0.397 |
| sCD163 (per doubling)§ | 30% (18%, 44%) p<0.001 | 28% (16%, 42%) p<0.001 | 26% (15%, 39%) p<0.001 |
| sCD14 (per doubling)§ | −9% (−14%, 0%) p=0.025 | −7% (−14%, 0%) p=0.61 | 4% (−4%, 12%) p=−0.341 |
| 1L-6 (per doubling)§ | 3% (−4%, 12%) p=0.392 | 4% (−4%, 13%) p=0.279 | 3% (−4%, 10%) P=0.359 |
| HIV monoinfected | |||
| I-FABP (per doubling) | −1% (−9%, 8%) p=0.931 | −6% (−14%, 2%) p=0.182 | −3% (−10%, 5%) p=0.49 |
| sCD163 (per doubling)§ | 28% (16%, 41%) p<0.001 | 26% (14%, 39%) p<0.001 | 25% (14%, 37%) p<0.001 |
| sCD14 (per doubling)§ | −8% (−14%, 0%) p=0.051 | −6% (−13%, 1%) p=0.089 | 1% (−6%, 10%) p=0.688 |
| IL-6 (per doubling)§ | 3% (−5%, 10%) p=0.473 | 3% (−4%, 14%) p=0.343 | 3% (−4%, 11%) p=0.387 |
| Uninfected | |||
| I-FABP (per doubling) | −3% (−11%, 6%) p=0.560 | −8% (−16%, 0%) p=0.052 | −6% (−14%, 2%) p=0.113 |
| sCD163 (per doubling)§ | 34% (21%, 49%) p<0.001 | 29% (16%, 43%) p<0.001 | 23% (11%, 36%) p=001 |
| sCD14 (per doubling)§ | −10% (−16%, −3%) p=0.009 | −9% (−15%, −2%) p=0.014 | −4% (−8%, 6%) p=0.684 |
| 1L-6 (per doubling)§ | 3% (−4%, 12%) p=0.398 | 4% (−4%, 12%) p=0.302 | 3% (−5%, 10%) p=0.493 |
¶
Multiple imputation by the Chained Equation method was used to impute missing outcome values
*
Adjusted for gender, age, race
**
Adjusted for age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol, BMI, waist circumference and estimated glomerular filtrate rate.
§
All markers of inflammation added individually not sequentially.