Table 3.

Baseline Quantitative Sensory Testing Between Groups.

Test	Persistent n = 19	Recovered n = 29	Total N = 48	p Value	Normala N = 69
Cold detection threshold (°C)
Remote site	26.31 (1.02)	28.63 (0.24)	27.71 (0.45)	.0126*	28.66 (0.19)
Back	26.66 (0.94)	28.92 (0.22)	28.03 (0.42)	.0131*	29.13 (0.14)
Warm detection threshold (°C)
Remote site	36.68 (0.68)	35.25 (0.26)	35.81 (0.32)	.0448*	35.20 (0.22)
Back	36.67 (0.46)	34.95 (0.19)	35.63 (0.24)	.0024*	34.76 (0.21)
Cold pain threshold (°C)
Remote site	19.81 (1.33)	20.28 (1.33)	20.09 (0.95)	.9356	14.93 (1.30)
Back	22.28 (1.15)	22.36 (1.33)	22.33 (0.92)	.7731	16.84 (1.35)
Heat pain threshold (°C)
Remote site	40.30 (0.82)	38.66 (0.68)	39.31 (0.53)	.2602	39.96 (0.76)
Back	39.30 (0.64)	37.28 (0.59)	38.08 (0.46)	.1753	38.52 (0.70)
Pressure pain threshold (KPa)
Remote site	197.77 (27.75)	162.80 (18.59)	176.65 (15.73)	.6185	199.06 (13.50)
Back	196.97 (40.89)	145.09 (19.38)	165.63 (20.06)	.5417	284.90 (22.65)
Mechanical pain threshold (mN)
Remote site	6.06 (0.19)	5.95 (0.16)	6.00 (0.12)	.2260	6.47 (0.11)
Back	5.76 (0.19)	5.41 (0.21)	5.54 (0.15)	.1695	6.37 (0.11)
Mechanical pain sensitivity (pain rating 0–100)
Remote site	2.16 (0.48)	2.22 (0.35)	2.19 (0.28)	.8788	0.72 (0.15)
Back	3.52 (0.64)	3.51 (0.48)	3.51 (0.38)	.9876	1.02 (0.16)
Windup ratio (multiple average/single average)
Remote site	1.37 (0.16)	1.09 (0.08)	1.21 (0.08)	.0271*	0.59 (0.15)
Back	1.41 (0.15)	1.50 (0.22)	1.47 (0.14)	.5258	1.00 (0.19)
Mechanical detection threshold (mN)
Remote site	3.42 (0.15)	3.28 (0.10)	3.34 (0.09)	.5019	3.13 (0.08)
Back	3.42 (0.18)	3.52 (0.12)	3.48 (0.10)	.8737	3.36 (0.08)
Dynamic mechanical allodynia (numbers exhibiting PHS)
Remote site	0.36 (0.19)	0.64 (0.25)	0.53 (0.17)	.4342	0.21 (0.06)
Back	2.01 (0.59)	1.33 (0.39)	1.60 (0.33)	.2192	0.47 (0.10)

Note. Values are mean (SE). PHS = paradoxical heat sensation.

^aReference values for healthy (no-pain) controls acquired at the same study site.

*Analysis of covariance adjusting for the covariates of age, gender, and race.