Table 1. Construct Information, Rotated Factor Loadings, and Standardized Factor Loadings.
| Constructs | Description/Example | Number of items | Reliability alphaa | Standardized loadings | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| WA | VIC | WA | VIC | |||
| Control variables | ||||||
| Gender | Male = 0, female = 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| SES | Parent report of their income and education | 2 | .50 | .36 | - | - |
| Family protection | ||||||
| Low family conflict | We argue about the same things in my family over and over. | 3 | .81 | .81 | .65 | .55 |
| Attachment to parents | Do you feel very close to your mother? | 6 | .76 | .79 | .76 | .77 |
| Prosocial family opportunities | If I had a personal problem, I could ask my mom or dad for help. | 3 | .74 | .75 | .79 | .83 |
| Prosocial family rewards | My parents notice when I am doing a good job and let me know about it. | 2 | .72 | .75 | .81 | .84 |
| School protection | ||||||
| Academic achievement | What were your grades like last year? | 2 | .55 | .48 | .51 | .52 |
| Commitment to school | How often did you try to do your best work in school? | 2 | .32 | .39 | .64 | .75 |
| Prosocial school opportunities | I have lots of chances to be part of class discussions of activities. | 5 | .49 | .58 | .48 | .53 |
| Prosocial school rewards | The school lets my parents know when I have done something well. | 4 | .65 | .72 | .55 | .57 |
| Favorable attitudes toward problem behavior | ||||||
| Parental favorable attitudes toward alcohol/drugs | How wrong do your parents feel it would be for you to drink beer or wine regularly? | 4 | .85 | .72 | .53 | .64 |
| Parental favorable attitudes toward antisocial behavior | How wrong do your parents feel it would be for you to pick a fight with someone? | 3 | .71 | .72 | .56 | .59 |
| Student favorable attitudes toward alcohol/drugs | How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to drink beer or wine regularly? | 2 | .87 | .78 | .79 | .77 |
| Student favorable attitudes toward antisocial behavior | How wrong do you think it is for someone your age to pick a fight with someone? | 5 | .82 | .83 | .83 | .83 |
| Exposure to sibling and peer problem behavior | ||||||
| Siblings' alcohol/drug use problems | Have any of your brothers or sisters ever drunk alcohol? | 5 | .85 | .82 | .68 | .62 |
| Attachment to problem peers | In the past year, how many of your best friends have been suspended from school? | 8 | .81 | .66 | .68 | .70 |
| Peers' alcohol use | In the past year, how many of your best friends have tried alcohol? | 1 | - | - | .73 | .63 |
WA = Washington State; VIC = Victoria
a
Alpha coefficients were estimated for the scales based on three or more than three items, while correlation coefficients were provided for the scales using two items.