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. 2016 Oct 26;34(2):243–256. doi: 10.1007/s11095-016-2043-9

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 2 — Distribution of KM applications in the published literature used in various sources of knowledge, as well as in QbD-specific applications. Each number in the matrix indicates the total number of KM tools found in the scientific literature that fall within the corresponding categorization. The columns of the matrix indicate the type of KM tools. The first 5 rows (Knowledge sources) show the distribution of KM tools that address knowledge stemming from specific sources of knowledge as specified by the ICH guidelines for QbD approaches. The lower rows mention the applications of knowledge management tools to specific and general QbD objectives. Hence, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the knowledge sources (upper rows) are linked by knowledge management tools (columns) to QbD applications (lower rows).