Table 4.
Factors associated with intestinal helminth co-infection among TB patients attending selected health institutions of Arba Minch town and Arba Minch zuria district from January to August, 2016
| Variable | Number examined | Rate of helminth infection (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 122 | 32 (2.6%) | 1.085 (0.578–2.037) | 0.800 | ||
| Female | 91 | 24 (2.6%) | ||||
| Age | ||||||
| 15–34 | 136 | 32 (23.5%) | 0.700 | |||
| 35–54 | 70 | 19 (27.1%) | 0.826 (0.427–1.527) | |||
| 55–65 | 7 | 1 (14.3%) | 1.846 (0.214–15.909) | |||
| Educational status | ||||||
| Illiterate | 60 | 13 (21.7%) | 1.416 (0.684–2.633) | 0.349 | ||
| Primary/above | 153 | 43 (28.1%) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 115 | 29 (25.2%) | 1.116 (0.597–2.088) | 0.731 | ||
| Married | 98 | 27 (27.6%) | ||||
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 166 | 46 (27.7%) | 2.619 (1.042–6.584) | 0.041 | 3.175 (1.102–9.153) | 0.032 |
| Rural | 47 | 6 (12.8%) | ||||
| Have/use latrine | ||||||
| Yes | 182 | 41 (22.5%) | 0.529 (0.234–1.193) | 0.125 | ||
| No | 31 | 11 (35.5%) | ||||
| Common food source | ||||||
| Cooked at home | 196 | 44 (22.4%) | 3.071 (1.119–8.429) | 0.029 | 2.866 (0.900–9.131) | 0.075 |
| Hotel | 17 | 8 (47.1%) | ||||
| Habit of washing vegetables/fruits | ||||||
| Yes | 141 | 26 (18.4%) | 2.835 (1.468–5.476) | 0.002 | 2.208 (1.030–4.733) | 0.042 |
| No | 64 | 25 (39.1%) | ||||
| Habit of eating raw meat | ||||||
| Often or always | 176 | 43 (24.4%) | 0.994 (0.435–2.271) | 0.989 | ||
| Never or occasionally | 37 | 9 (24.3%) | ||||
| Hand washing habit before meal | ||||||
| Often or always | 204 | 48 (23.5%) | 0.385 (0.099–1.490) | 0.167 | ||
| Never or occasionally | 9 | 4 (44.4%) | ||||
| Hand washing habit after defecation | ||||||
| Often or always | 191 | 40 (20.9%) | 0.642 (0.057–7.222) | 0.719 | ||
| Never or occasionally | 22 | 12 (54.5%) | ||||
| Water source for drinking | ||||||
| Pipe water | 199 | 47 (23.6%) | 0.433 (0.131–1.428) | 0.388 | ||
| River/stream/lake | 14 | 5 (35.7%) | ||||
| Swimming habit | ||||||
| Often or always | 37 | 16 (43.2%) | 0.617 (0.285–1.338) | 0.222 | ||
| Never or occasionally | 175 | 36 (20.6%) | ||||
| Shoe wearing habit | ||||||
| Often/always | 155 | 31 (20.0%) | 2.27 (1.168–4.413) | 0.016 | 1.225 (0.238–6.297) | 0.808 |
| Never/occasionally | 58 | 21 (36.2%) | ||||
| Raise cattle | ||||||
| Yes | 63 | 14 (22.2%) | 1.187 (0.590–2.388) | 0.630 | ||
| No | 150 | 38 (25.3%) | ||||
| Raise pets (cat/dog) | ||||||
| Yes | 73 | 13 (17.8%) | 1.782 (0.881–3.604) | 0.108 | ||
| No | 140 | 39 (27.9%) | ||||
| Use night soil for farming | ||||||
| Yes | 32 | 7 (21.9%) | 1.182 (0.479–2.916) | 0.717 | ||
| No | 181 | 45 (24.9%) | ||||