Table 1.
Anaphylaxis mortality publications, bold font highlights studies that utilized ICD registries as the basis for analysis
| Reference | Study location | Study design | Number of subjects | Causes of anaphylaxis deaths (%) | Study period | Study fatality database | Current National Fatality database |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barnard et al. (1973) [29] | New York, United States of America | Retrospective case review | 400 | Hymenoptera sting/venom (100) | 10 years (1966–1976) |
Insect Sting Committee of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) | United States Vital Statistic Data |
| Bock et al. (2001) [30] | Denver and Yew York, United States of America | Retrospective case review with interview family members about the details of the fatality | 32 | Food-induced anaphylaxis (100) | 5 years (1994–1999) |
Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network and the AAAAI | United States Vital Statistic Data |
| Bock et al. (2007) [5] | Denver and Yew York, United States of America | Retrospective case review with interview family members about the details of the fatality | 31 | Food-induced anaphylaxis (100) | 5 years (2001–2006) |
Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network and the AAAAI | United States Vital Statistic Data |
| Delage et al. (1972) [31] | Washington D.C., United States of America | Retrospective case review with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 43 | Drug-induced anaphylaxis (100) | 15 years (1957–1972) |
Files of the National Armed Forces Institute of Pathology | United States Vital Statistic Data |
| Greenberger et al. (2007) [6] | Illinois, United States of America | Retrospective case review with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 25 | Pharmacological agents (52), hymenoptera sting (24), food (16) | 12 years (1989–2001) |
Office of the Medical Examiner of Cook County, Chicago, IL general mortality database | United States Vital Statistic Data |
| James et al. (1964) [32] | Boston, United Sates of America | Retrospective case review with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 6 | Pharmacological agents (84), hymenoptera sting/venom (16) | No data | Local database | United States Vital Statistic Data |
| Jerschow et al. (2014) [33] | New York, United States of America | Population-based epidemiologic study using ICD-10 CM diagnostic codes on death certificates | 2458 | Medications (58.8), unspecified (19.3), venom (15.2), food (6.7) |
11 years
(1999–2010) |
US National Mortality Database | United States Vital Statistic Data |
| Lenler-Petersen P et al. (1994) [34] | Copenhagen, Denmark | Retrospective case review based on ICD code (“collapsus anaphilaticus”) on death certificates | 30 | Drug-induced anaphylaxis (100) |
22 years
(1990–1968) |
Danish Central Death Register | Danish Central Death Register |
| Liew et al. (2009) [4] | Melbourne, Australia | Retrospective case review based on ICD-10 codes on death certificates | 112 |
Food (6%), drugs (20),
probable drugs (38), insect stings (18), undetermined (13), other (5) |
8 years
(1997–2005) |
National Hospital Morbidity
Database and National Mortality Database |
National Mortality Database maintained by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |
| Low et al. (2006) [35] | Auckland, New Zealand | Retrospective case review with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 18 | Drugs (56), Hymenoptera sting (22), food (11), undetermined (11) | 20 years (1985–2005) |
Forensic Pathology Department database at Auckland City Hospital | Forensic Pathology Department database at Auckland City Hospital |
| Ma et al. (2014) [36] | Virginia, United States of America | Population-based epidemiologic study using 3 national databases and selected ICD codes | 186–225 deaths/year | Unspecified (66–85), drugs (11–27), food (4–7) |
10 years
(1999–2009) |
Nationwide Inpatient Sample
(NIS; 1999–2009), the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS; 2006–2009), and Multiple Cause of Death Data (MCDD; 1999–2009) |
US National Mortality Database |
| Mosbech H. (1983) [37] | Denmark | Population-based epidemiologic study based on ICD-8 code (E 905) on death certificates | 26 | Hymenoptera sting/venom (100) |
20 years
(1960–1980) |
Danish Central Death Register | Danish Central Death Register |
| Pumphrey et al. (2000) [38] | Manchester and Oxford, United Kingdom | Retrospective case review with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 164 | Drugs (37.5), hymenoptera (34), food (28.5) | 6 years (1992–1998) |
Office of National Statistics (ONS) database |
UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) database |
| Sampson et al. (1992) [39] | Connecticut, United States of America | Retrospective series of cases study including food-induced anaphylaxis deaths in children and adolescents | 6 | Food-induced anaphylaxis (100) | 14 months | Local database | US National Mortality Database |
| Sasvary et al. (1994) [40] | Switzerland | Retrospective series of cases study with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 29 | Hymenoptera sting/venom (100) | 9 years (1978–1987) |
Local database | Swiss National Mortality Database |
| Shen et al. (2009) [7] | Maryland (United States) and Shanghai (China) | Retrospective case review with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 28 | Drugs (57), food (21.5), unknown (10.7), hymenoptera (7.2), other (3.6) | 3 years (2004–2006) |
Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for the State of Maryland (OCME-MD) and the Department of Forensic Medicine at Shanghai Medical College (FM-SHMC) |
US National Mortality Database |
| Simon et al. (2008) [41] | Florida, United States of America | Population-based epidemiologic study based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes on death certificates | 89 | Drugs and radio contrast media (34), hymenoptera (12), food (6) |
10 years
(1996 to 2005) |
Florida Department of Health, Office of Vital Statistics | US National Mortality Database |
| Tanno et al. (2012) [10] | São Paulo, Brazil | Population-based epidemiologic study based on ICD-10 codes on death certificates | 498 | Drugs (42), insect bite (35), unspecified (21), food (2) |
3 years
(2008–2010) |
Brazilian Mortality Information System
(SIM) |
Brazilian Mortality Information System
(SIM) |
| Turner et al. (2014) [42] | United Kingdom | Hospital admissions and fatalities caused by anaphylaxis data from national databases cross-checked against a prospective fatal anaphylaxis registry based on ICD-9 and ICD-10. | 480 | Drugs (54.8), food (25.8), insect sting (19.4) |
20 years
(1992–2012) |
Office of
National Statistics (ONS) database |
UK Office of
National Statistics (ONS) database |
| Yilmaz et al. (2009) [8] | Istanbul, Turkey | Retrospective series of cases study with clinic-pathologic data analysis | 36 | Drug-induced anaphylaxis (100) | 5 years (2001–2006) |
Council of Forensic Medicine database in Istanbul, Turkey | The Council of Forensic Medicine |
| Yunginger et al. (1988) [43] | Rochester, United States of America | Retrospective series of cases study with laboratory investigation | 7 | Food-induced anaphylaxis (100) | 16 months (1987–1988) |
Local database | US National Mortality Database |
| Yunginger et al. (1991) [44] | Maryland, Florida, Virginia; United States of America | Prospective post-mortem case–control study with application of laboratory investigation protocol | 19 | Hymenoptera stings (47.3), foods (42.2), or diagnostic/therapeutic agents (10.5) |
No data | Local database | US National Mortality Database |