Table 1.
Characteristics of risk factors associated with stunted and severely stunted children aged 0–59 months in Nigeria 2013
| Characteristics | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Community level factors | ||
| Type of residence | ||
| Urban | 9067 | 37.0 |
| Rural | 15465 | 63.0 |
| Geopolitical Zones | ||
| North Central | 3562 | 14.5 |
| North East | 4086 | 16.7 |
| North West | 8506 | 34.7 |
| South East | 2284 | 9.3 |
| South West | 2372 | 9.7 |
| South South | 3722 | 15.2 |
| Socio-demographic factors | ||
| Maternal working status | ||
| Non-working | 16151 | 97.1 |
| Working (past 12 months) | 485 | 2.9 |
| Maternal education | ||
| No education | 11378 | 46.4 |
| Primary | 4933 | 20.1 |
| Secondary and above | 8221 | 33.5 |
| Father’s occupation | ||
| Non agriculture | 20237 | 82.5 |
| Agriculture | 1024 | 4.2 |
| Not working | 3271 | 13.3 |
| Father’s education | ||
| No education | 8870 | 37.0 |
| Primary | 4640 | 19.4 |
| Secondary and above | 10447 | 43.6 |
| Marital status | ||
| Currently married | 23592 | 97.6 |
| Formerly married (div/sep/widow) | 579 | 2.4 |
| Mother’s literacy | ||
| Can’t read at all | 14029 | 57.5 |
| Can read | 10386 | 42.5 |
| Wealth Index | ||
| Poorest | 5378 | 21.9 |
| Poor | 5383 | 21.9 |
| Middle | 4711 | 19.2 |
| Rich | 4598 | 18.7 |
| Richest | 4462 | 18.2 |
| Environmental factor | ||
| Source of drinking water | ||
| Improved | 13878 | 56.6 |
| Unimproved | 10653 | 43.4 |
| Media factors | ||
| Reading newspaper | ||
| Yes | 3589 | 14.7 |
| No | 20793 | 85.3 |
| Listening to radio | ||
| Yes | 15135 | 61.9 |
| No | 9314 | 38.1 |
| Watching television | ||
| Yes | 11690 | 47.9 |
| No | 12732 | 52.1 |
| Proximate determinants | ||
| Maternal factors | ||
| Mother’s age | ||
| 15–24 years | 5780 | 23.6 |
| 25–34 years | 12424 | 50.6 |
| 35–49 years | 6328 | 25.8 |
| Mother’s age at birth | ||
| < 20 years | 3325 | 13.6 |
| 20–29 years | 12878 | 52.5 |
| 30–39 years | 7161 | 29.2 |
| 40 and above | 1168 | 4.8 |
| Delivery factors | ||
| Type of delivery assistance | ||
| Health professional | 10399 | 42.8 |
| Traditional birth attendant | 4938 | 20.3 |
| Relatives and other untrained personnel | 5856 | 24.1 |
| No one | 3113 | 12.8 |
| Place of delivery | ||
| Home | 15065 | 61.4 |
| Health facility | 9467 | 38.6 |
| Mode of delivery | ||
| Non-caesarean | 23734 | 97.8 |
| Caesarean | 523 | 2.2 |
| Combined Place and mode of delivery | ||
| Non-caesarean and Home delivery | 15065 | 62.1 |
| Non-caesarean & Health facility | 8669 | 35.7 |
| Caesarean & Health facility | 523 | 2.2 |
| Pre/Post-delivery factors | ||
| Antenatal clinic visits | ||
| None | 5177 | 32.8 |
| 1–3. | 1954 | 12.4 |
| 4 and above | 8674 | 54.9 |
| Timing of postnatal check-up | ||
| No postnatal check-up | 19243 | 78.4 |
| 0–2 days | 3748 | 15.3 |
| Delayed | 1541 | 6.3 |
| Currently breastfeeding | ||
| Yes | 13950 | 56.9 |
| No | 10582 | 43.1 |
| Duration of breastfeeding | ||
| Upto 12 months | 5376 | 22.3 |
| > 12 months | 18792 | 77.8 |
| Child factors | ||
| Birth order | ||
| First-born | 4641 | 19.0 |
| 2nd-4th | 11327 | 46.2 |
| 5 or more | 8564 | 34.9 |
| Preceding birth interval | ||
| No previous birth | 4641 | 19.0 |
| < 24 months | 4326 | 17.7 |
| > 24 months | 15520 | 63.4 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 12193 | 49.7 |
| Female | 12339 | 50.3 |
| Perceived size of baby | ||
| Small | 3385 | 14.0 |
| Average | 10052 | 41.5 |
| Large | 10759 | 44.5 |
| Child’s age in months | ||
| 0–5 | 2238 | 9.3 |
| 18–23 | 2130 | 8.9 |
| 24–29 | 2496 | 10.4 |
| 30–35 | 2105 | 8.8 |
| 36–41 | 2763 | 11.5 |
| 42–47 | 2124 | 8.8 |
| 48–53 | 2488 | 10.4 |
| 54–59 | 1939 | 8.1 |
| Child had diarrhoea recently | ||
| No | 21885 | 89.3 |
| Yes | 2556 | 10.7 |
| Child had fever in last 2 weeks | ||
| No | 21251 | 86.6 |
| Yes | 3153 | 13.4 |