Fig. 1.

FXR-agonist induced p62/SQSTM1 in AML12 liver cells. a GW4064 (1.0 μM), an FXR-specific agonist, expressed p62/SQSTM1 protein 10 h after administration and continued at least 36 h in AML12 liver cells. The immunoblot is a representative of the three independent experiments. b p62/SQSTM1 protein was expressed by GW4064 in a dose-dependent manner (0.25–5.0 μM) at 36 h after the treatment. c The protein induction of p62/SQSTM1 by GW4064 (1.0 μM) was cancelled by p62/SQSTM1 siRNA (10 nM). d Reverse transcription–PCR analysis of the p62/SQSTM1 gene in AML12 liver cells. GW4064 robustly upregulated the p62/SQSTM1 gene in 1.0 and 2.0 μM of GW4064. Each blot represents at least three independent experiments (a, b, c). ImageJ software was used for quantitative analysis of western blot and reverse transcription–PCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant