Table 3.
The association of risk factors and metabolic syndrome
| Variables | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| crude OR(95% CI) | adj. OR(95% CI) | P(Wald’s test) | crude OR(95% CI) | adj. OR(95% CI) | P(Wald’s test) | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 20–29 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 30–39 | 2.8 (2.2–3.7) | 2.6 (1.9–3.4) | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.56–2.72) | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) | <0.001 |
| 40–49 | 5.4 (4.25–6.85) | 5.3 (4.1–6.7) | <0.001 | 5.0 (3.8–6.5) | 3.9 (3.0–5.0) | <0.001 |
| 50–59 | 7.2 (5.7–9.0) | 8.5 (6.7–10.9) | <0.001 | 11.1 (8.6–14.4) | 7.2 (5.5–9.3) | <0.001 |
| 60–69 | 8.7 (6.7–10.8) | 13.4 (10.3–17.4) | <0.001 | 25.7 (19.7–33.6) | 14.2 (10.8–18.8) | <0.001 |
| 70 and over | 6.8 (5.3–8.70) | 12.0 (9.2–15.8) | <0.001 | 35.0 (26.9–45.6) | 20.5 (15.4–27.4) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 25) | 5.4 (4.9–6.0) | 6.7 (5.9–7.5) | <0.001 | 7.6 (6.9–8.3) | 7.3 (6.6–8.2) | <0.001 |
| Current alcohol drinking | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Current smoking | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 0.001 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | – | – |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.059 | 0.52 (0.5–0.6) | – | – |
| Education | <0.001 | |||||
| Elementary school | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| Middle school | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | – | – | 0.43 (0.4–-0.5) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | <0.001 |
| High school | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | – | – | 0.17 (0.16–0.19) | 0.67 (0.57–0.79) | <0.001 |
| College and over | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | – | – | 0.07 (0.06–0.08) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Income (Quartile) | – | – | – | <0.001 | ||
| Q1 lowest | 1 | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| Q2 medium-lowest | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | – | – | 0.42 (0.4–0.5) | 0.90 (0.8–1.1) | 0.221 |
| Q3 Medium highest | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | – | – | 0.29 (0.26–0.33) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.024 |
| Q4 highest | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | – | – | 0.22 (0.2–0.3) | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted R2 | 16.95% | <0.001 | 29.12% | <0.001 | ||
Vitamin D deficiency was defined by 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration ≤20 ng/mL
BMA Model selections by sex: age, obesity (≥25 kg/m2), income (quartile), education, smoking (yes/no), drinking (yes/no), physical activity (yes/no), total calorie intake (kcal), carbohydrates (g/dL), fiber (g/dL), sodium (mg/dL), protein (g/dL), fiber (g/dL), vitamin C (mg/dL), fat intake (g/dL), and vitamin D deficiency (yes/no)