Table 2.
Mean (standard deviations) of characteristics of non-clinical adolescents (NC), clinical controls without NSSI (CC), adolescents with NSSI disorder (NSSI), and adolescents with NSSI and BPD (NSSI + BPD), as well as ANOVA with orthogonal contrasts and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) between non-clinical and clinical groups (NC vs. rest), clinical controls and NSSI (CC vs. NSSI and NSSI + BPD), and NSSI disorder vs. Borderline personality disorder (NSSI vs. NSSI + BPD)
| Characteristic | NC | CC | NSSI | NSSI + BPD | NC vs. rest | Cohen’s | CC vs. | Cohen’s | NSSI vs. | Cohen’s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | d | NSSI total | d | NSSI + BPD | d | ||
| YSR | (n = 57) | (n = 28) | (n = 47) | (n = 11) | t (139) | t (139) | t (139) | |||
| Total | 57.60 (18.70) | 81.80 (21.60) | 105.38 (29.97) | 134.28 (22.40) | 12.56** | 2.22 | 7.04** | 1.55 | 4.03** | 1.02 |
| YSR exta | 9.79 (6.56) | 12.38 (6.45) | 17.47 (9.15) | 30.76 (7.82) | 6.77** | 1.43 | 4.58** | 1.51 | 3.50** | 1.52 |
| YSR int | 9.83 (6.46) | 23.68 (9.56) | 32.49 (9.53) | 41.18 (8.68) | 14.66** | 2.76 | 6.22** | 1.44 | 3.10** | 0.94 |
| BDIb | 7.02 (7.20) | 21.89 (12.68) | 33.40 (12.17) | 43.20 (13.29) | 13.17** | 2.39 | 4.70** | 1.31 | 1.82* | 0.81 |
| BSL-95 | (n = 57) | (n = 25) | (n = 38) | (n = 9) | t (125) | t (125) | t (125) | |||
| Totala | 47.67 (28.69) | 117.31 (68.98) | 182.84 (68.26) | 240.55 (70.52) | 11.31** | 2.42 | 4.01** | 1.38 | 1.46* | 0.86 |
| Dysphoriac | 20.56 (8.98) | 26.40 (10.23) | 30.53 (6.72) | 33.04 (6.93) | −2.27 | 1.13 | −.546 | 0.67 | −.110 | 0.38 |
| t (94.85) | t (34.51) | t (16.74) | ||||||||
| Self-perceptiona | 3.63 (4.37) | 15.13 (14.98) | 28.10 (17.06) | 41.85 (20.82) | 11.65** | 1.85 | 4.30** | 1.14 | 2.12 | 0.79 |
| t (96.16) | t (34.61) | t (26.40) | ||||||||
| Affect regulationb | 6.04 (6.33) | 19.48 (11.99) | 28.66 (11.29) | 36.67 (7.12) | 13.42** | 2.59 | 4.54** | 1.31 | 2.95* | 0.77 |
| Self-destructionb | 1.46 (2.38) | 9.20 (7.91) | 25.66 (11.55) | 34.37 (7.88) | 16.28** | 3.12 | 8.17** | 2.31 | 2.21** | 0.81 |
| Social isolationb | 4.09 (4.97) | 12.58 (9.65) | 21.87 (12.66) | 29.33 (10.46) | 10.38** | 1.96 | 4.31** | 1.21 | 1.81* | 0.62 |
| Hostilityb | 2.34 (3.14) | 4.64 (4.41) | 8.82 (5.92) | 14.89 (5.82) | 8.36** | 1.58 | 4.69** | 1.35 | 2.74** | 1.05 |
| Intrusionsa | 1.34 (2.11) | 6.32 (6.37) | 12.13 (7.50) | 20.33 (12.08) | 10.51** | 1.77 | 4.58** | 1.15 | 1.65 | 0.99 |
| JTCI | (n = 51) | (n = 26) | (n = 46) | (n = 11) | t (130) | t (130) | t (130) | |||
| Novelty seeking (T)a | 47.29 (8.20) | 43.00 (8.62) | 48.20 (11.61) | 56.00 (8.31) | 0.66 | 0.20 | 3.42** | 0,96 | 2.39** | 0.72 |
| Harm avoidance (T) | 49.33 (10.18) | 59.38 (8.59) | 61.35 (11.10) | 69.64 (8.51) | 7.32** | 1.47 | 2.34** | 0,66 | 2.44** | 0.79 |
| Reward dependence (T) | 57.06 (8.37) | 52.04 (9.20) | 49.96 (10.77) | 45.91 (12.03) | −4.18** | 0.79 | −1.64 | 0,39 | −1.24 | 0.37 |
| Persistence (T) | 50.22 (10.21) | 53.73 (9.93) | 45.09 (11.74) | 35.27 (9.70) | −2.71** | 0.54 | −4.92** | 1.31 | −2.74** | 0.88 |
| Self-directedness (C) | 52.22 (10.41) | 43.88 (10.45) | 33.22 (11.70) | 26.73 (9.81) | −8.51** | 1.68 | −4.97** | 1.32 | −1.78 | 0.58 |
| Cooperativeness (C) | 53.75 (8.89) | 56.88 (9.21) | 54.93 (11.77) | 46.27 (9.70) | −0.54 | 0.11 | −2.41* | 0.62 | −2.56** | 0.78 |
| Self-transcendence (C) | 49.43 (9.58) | 53.92 (10.68) | 50.02 (9.12) | 50.82 (11.81) | 1.15 | 0.21 | −1.38 | 0.34 | 0.24 | 0.08 |
| BIS | (n = 28) | (n = 21) | (n = 29) | (n = 8) | t (82) | t (82) | t (82) | |||
| Impulsivity (BIS) | 20.76 (3.15) | 20.06 (3.47) | 22.97 (3.94) | 26.85 (2.78) | 2.99** | 0.77 | 4.70** | 1.45 | 2.78** | 1.07 |
| Attentional | 15.61 (4.01) | 14.90 (3.16) | 18.25 (4.10) | 20.88 (1.89) | 2.67** | 0.72 | 4.24** | 1.55 | 1.77* | 0.72 |
| Non-planning | 25.52 (4.33) | 24.59 (5.13) | 27.47 (5.76) | 34.63 (5.07) | 2.72** | 0.68 | 4.27** | 1.24 | 3.51** | 1.31 |
| Motor | 21.16 (3.96) | 20.70 (3.97) | 23.21 (6.90) | 25.04 (4.04) | 1.46 | 0.39 | 2.24* | 0.70 | 0.89 | 0.29 |
YSR Youth self report (ext = externalizing, int = internalizing); BDI Beck Depression Inventory-II; JTCI Junior Temperament and Character Inventory; BIS Barratt Impulsiveness Scale
Bootstrapped and Bonferroni-Holm corrected p values * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01
a log transformation, b root transformation, c reciprocal transformation