Table 1.

Potential Therapeutic Approaches Currently Being Investigated

	Mode of action	Stage	References
p38 MAPK inhibitor	Inhibition of p53 pathway and SASP	In vitro	[Davis et al., 2005; Davis et al., 2016; Tivey et al., 2013]
mTOR inhibitor	Stimulation of autophagy	In vitro	[Saha et al., 2014; Talaei et al., 2013]
Vitamin C	Reduction of ROS	In vitro	[Aumailley et al., 2015a; Kashino et al., 2003; Li et al., 2016]
Astaxanthin	Reduction of ROS	In vivo	[Takemoto et al., 2015]
PTC read-through	Bypassing nonsense mutation	In vitro	[Agrelo et al., 2015]
Stem cell gene therapy	Gene editing of stem cells	In vivo	[Cheung et al., 2014; Shimamoto et al., 2014; Shimamoto et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015]