Table 5.
Risk factors for the prevalence of CVD in C-STRIDE Study (Nov 2011 - Mar 2016)
| Univariate OR (95% CI) | P | Age and sex adjusted OR (95% CI) | P | Multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI)a | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.61 (1.25–2.07) | <0.001 | − | − | 1.36 (0.96─1.94) | 0.09 |
| Female (ref) | 1 | − | 1 | |||
| Age | ||||||
| 18–44 (ref) | 1 | − | 1 | |||
| 45–64 | 5.16 (3.56–7.48) | <0.001 | − | − | 3.78 (2.55–5.59) | <0.001 |
| 65–74 | 10.25 (6.85–15.34) | <0.001 | − | − | 6.07 (3.89–9.47) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use (yes/no) | 1.79 (1.41–2.27) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.071–1.99) | 0.017 | 1.31 (0.95–1.81) | 0.10 |
| Exercises < 3.5 h/week (yes/no) | 1.07 (0.82–1.41) | 0.61 | 0.81 (0.61–1.07) | 0.14 | 0.80 (0.60–1.08) | 0.14 |
| Diabetic (yes/no) | 3.08 (2.42–3.93) | <0.001 | 1.93 (1.49–2.49) | <.0001 | 1.70 (1.30–2.23) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (yes/no) | 4.53 (2.70–7.58) | <0.001 | 3.37 (2.00–5.68) | <.0001 | 2.57 (1.50–4.41) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C <35 mg/dl | 1.40 (1.08–1.81) | 0.01 | 1.26 (0.96–1.65) | 0.09 | 1.14 (0.84–1.54) | 0.41 |
| LDL-C >120 mg/dl | 0.76 (0.58–1.01) | 0.05 | 0.74 (0.56–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.17 |
| TG >150 mg/dl | 1.06 (0.84–1.35) | 0.63 | 1.09 (0.85–1.40) | 0.48 | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) | 0.87 |
| BMI | ||||||
| <24 (ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| ≥24 | 1.68 (1.29–2.18) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.06–1.81) | 0.0174 | 1.30 (0.97–1.72) | 0.08 |
| CKD stages | ||||||
| 1–2(ref) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 3a | 4.10 (2.62–6.43) | <0.001 | 2.60 (1.64–4.13) | <.0001 | 2.07 (1.28–3.34) | <0.003 |
| 3b | 3.83 (2.51–5.85) | <0.001 | 2.22 (1.44–3.44) | 0.0003 | 1.66 (1.00–2.62) | 0.03 |
| 4 | 5.19 (3.47–7.76) | <0.001 | 3.28 (2.16–4.97) | <.0001 | 2.73 (1.72–4.36) | <0.001 |
| P >5 mg/dl | 1.03 (0.72–1.45) | 0.89 | 1.25 (0.87–1.795) | 0.23 | 0.96 (0.66–1.42) | 0.85 |
| Ca <8.4 mg/dl | 1 (0.74–1.35) | 0.10 | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) | 0.86 | 0.97 (0.69–1.36) | 0.85 |
| IPTH >65 pg/mL | 1.62 (1.25–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.42 (1.09–1.85) | 0.01 | 1.03 (0.77–1.40) | 0.83 |
| AAC | 3.71 (2.58–5.33) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.498–3.18) | <.0001 | 1.82 (1.23–2.70) | 0.003 |
| Hb <11 g/dl | 1.06 (0.78–1.43) | 0.72 | 0.93 (0.68–1.27) | 0.64 | 0.67 (0.47–0.95) | 0.03 |
Note: aAll variables listed in the table were included in the multivariate adjusted analysis. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, BMI body mass index, P serum phosphorus, Ca serum calcium, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone, AAC abdominal aorta calcification, Hb hemoglobin