Figure 2. Bacillus VOCs caused a wide range of abnormalities in the morphology of the Ralstonia solanacearumcells observed by SEM.

Pathogenic cells were grown on CPG at 28 °C, and after three days of exposure to VOCs of FZB 42 and LSSC22, samples were collected from the I-plates. Electron micrographs were obtained using a Hitachi Science System SEM (Hitachi S-3000N, Tokyo, Japan). In the control (water), Rsc was grown on CPG without exposure to VOCs. The colony morphology of the pathogen was altered in the presence of volatiles produced by FZB 42 (C,D) and LSSC22 (E,F) and revealed several deformed pathogenic cells within the colony of the pathogen compared with the control (A,B). Arrow heads indicating distortion of Rsc cells. Bars; 5 μm.