Figure 2.

Experiment 1: phases 2 and 3. Measures of eye movements in response to 20 repeated scenes (black bars) and 20 novel scenes (white bars) when participants simply viewed the scenes and had no expectation of memory testing (phase 2). Recognition memory judgments for the same scenes were obtained directly after eye movements were recorded (phase 3). Participants viewed repeated and novel scenes differently (i.e., they exhibited the repetition effect) regardless of the accuracy and confidence of their memory judgments (asterisks indicate differential viewing of novel and repeated scenes, P < 0.05). Thus, participants made fewer fixations, sampled fewer regions, and made longer fixations for repeated scenes than for novel scenes regardless whether their old/new decisions for repeated scenes were correct (Hit) or incorrect (Miss) (A–C, respectively). Similarly, the repetition effect occurred regardless whether memory judgments for repeated scenes were associated with high or low confidence (D–F, respectively). Although the repetition effect was observed regardless of the accuracy and confidence associated with memory judgments, the effect was numerically larger when participants were incorrect (i.e., Miss) or when they expressed low confidence than when they were correct (i.e., Hit) or expressed high confidence. These differences (between the two black bars) were marginally significant for panels A, B, and F (Ps < 0.10) and were significant for panels D and E (Ps < 0.05; see Discussion). Data are presented for 58 participants (A–C) and for 64 participants (D–F; see Results). Error bars indicate standard error of the difference between viewing novel and repeated scenes. In each panel, the means of the novel conditions are identical (i.e., the two white bars). However, the standard error of the difference score is not the same for each pair of white and black bars, because it was computed separately each time novel and repeated scenes were compared.