Table 2.

Summary of TiO₂ nanotubes based materials in photocatalytic water splitting

Photocatalyst	Light intensity	Electrolyte	Water splitting rate	Ref.
TiO2 nanotubes	150 W halide lamp	10 v% MeOH + 90 v% H2O	0.27 μmol min–1	247
TiO2 nanotubes	400 W Hg lamp	MeOH + H2O	15.7 mmol g–1 h–1	250
ZnS–In2S3–Ag2S/TiO2 NTAs	500 W Xe lamp	0.1 M Na2S + 0.02 M Na2SO3	25.02 μmol h–1	234
CdS/TiO2 nanotubes	Visible light (λ > 400 nm)	Na2S + Na2SO3	284.7 μL g–1 h–1	251
Au/TiO2 nanotubes	100 mW cm–2 (λ > 400 nm)	10 v% MeOH + 90 v% H2O	482 μmol g–1 h–1	252
Pt/TiO2 nanotubes	Visible light (λ > 400 nm)	MeOH + H2O	29.2 μmol g–1 h–1	254
Pt/TiO2 nanotubes	120 W Hg lamp	10 v% EtOH + 90 v% H2O	30 mmol g–1 h–1	255
Ag/TiO2 NTAs	Visible light (λ > 420 nm)	20 v% MeOH + 80 v% H2O	30 μmol cm–1 h–1	256
Cu/Cu2O/TiO2 nanotubes	350 W Hg lamp	10 v% MeOH + 90 v% H2O	7.6 μmol cm–1 h–1	258
Fe/Ag/TiO2 nanotubes	Visible light (λ > 400 nm)	10 v% EtOH + 90 v% H2O	1.35 μmol cm–2 h–1	259
Pt/TiO2 NTAs	Solar light AM 1.5	50% MeOH + 50% H2O	25 μmol cm–2 h–1	278
Au/TiO2 nanotubes	6.5 mW cm–2 UV light	20 v% EtOH + 80 v% H2O	31.8 mmol g–1 h–1	279
C/TiO2 nanotube/Carbon nanotubes	Solar light AM 1.5	50 v% EtOH + 50 v% H2O	37.6 mmol g–1 h–1	280
Cu(OH)2/TiO2 NTAs	300 W Xe lamp	0.09 M EG + H2O	6.5 μmol cm–2 h–1	281
Pt/N/TiO2 nanotubes	250 W Hg lamp	C3H8O3 + H2O	1508 μmol g–1 h–1	282
Ag/TiO2 NTAs	35 mW cm–2 (λ > 400 nm)	10 v% EtOH + 90 v% H2O	0.96 μmol cm–1 h–1	283
Cu(OH)2/TiO2 NTAs	400 W Hg lamp	10 v% MeOH + 90 v% H2O	14.94 mmol cm–1 h–1	284
Zn/TiO2 nanotubes	18 W cm–2 UV light	MeOH + H2O	2.3 mL g–1 h–1	285
CuO/TiO2 nanotubes	400 W Hg lamp	10 v% MeOH + 90 v% H2O	71.6 mmol g–1 h–1	286
Pt/CdS/TiO2 nanotubes	500 W Hg lamp	0.1 M Na2S + 0.35 M Na2SO3	74 mL g–1 h–1	287
CdS/TiO2 nanotubes	Visible light (λ > 420 nm)	0.25 M Na2S + 0.35 M Na2SO3	2.62 mmol g–1 h–1	288