Mass spectra of cyt c (pI = 10.3) under electrothermal supercharging conditions (1050 V spray potential) in aqueous solutions containing 100 mM (a,d) ammonium acetate (pH = 6.7), (b,e) ammonium formate (pH = 6.5), and (c) ammonium bicarbonate (pH = 8.3) acquired with (a–c) ~1465 and (d,e) ~305 nm o.d. tips. Percentages are the relative abundances of the unfolded fractions (≥10+ charge states) of cyt c.