Table 4.
Indicators of completeness of assessment and appropriateness of classifications and treatments
| Indicators | Arm | Total number of children (N) | Indicator value % (three HFs range) | Risk ratio accounting for clustering aRR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Versus control | P value | Versus paper | P value | ||||
| Assessment | |||||||
| Danger signs | Control | 165 | 3 (2– 4) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 168 | 41 (16–71) | 14.4 (3.4–69.7) | < 0.001 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 152 | 74 (63–94) | 30. 9 (9.2–120.2) | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.0–3.5) | 0.04 | |
| Main symptoms | Control | 163 | 77 (64–91) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 168 | 75 (68–82) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.68 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 158 | 99 (98–100) | 1.3 (1.2–1.3) | 0.001 | 1.3 (1.2–1.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Palmar pallor | Control | 166 | 14 (6–20) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 171 | 30 (11–50) | 2.1 (0.8–5.7) | 0.12 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 167 | 69 (56–80) | 5.2 (3.1–9.1) | < 0.001 | 2.5 (1.5–4.3) | 0.001 | |
| Proportion of children with an index of integrated assessment ≥ 50% | Control | 166 | 21 (18–24) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 171 | 58 (33–85) | 2.9 (1.4–6.3) | 0.004 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 167 | 87 (80–98) | 4.2 (3.1–5.6) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.1–2.0) | 0.027 | |
| Proportion of children with an index of integrated assessment ≥ 75% | Control | 166 | 11 (9–14) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 171 | 16 (7–27) | 1.5 (0.7–3.1) | 0.273 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 167 | 43 (40–46) | 4.0 (2.5–6.4) | < 0.001 | 2.7 (1.7–4.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Respiratory rate measured | Control | 69 | 4 (0–7) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 73 | 53 (25–70) | 12.8 (3.6–53.5) | < 0.001 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 79 | 41 (32–56) | 9.4 (3.1–30.9) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.34 | |
| Malaria test ordered | Control | 123 | 84 (75–88) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 112 | 92 (88–95) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.06 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 116 | 72 (56–88) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.16 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.07 | |
| Classifications | |||||||
| Children appropriately classified | Control | 166 | 34 (22–56) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 171 | 39 (35–42) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.60 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 167 | 53 (47–59) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 0.045 | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 0.07 | |
| Bacterial classifications identified | Control | 22 | 27 (0–38) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 11 | 36 (20–100) | 1.3 (0.4–3.6) | 0.59 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 26 | 46 (0–70) | 1.8 (0.5–8.4) | 0.41 | 1.0 (0.3–8.7) | 0.949 | |
| Viral classifications identified | Control | 114 | 36 (17–74) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 115 | 33 (10–43) | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | 0.81 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 110 | 70 (59–77) | 2.1 (1.0–4.0) | 0.04 | 2.2 (1.4–3.5) | 0.001 | |
| Treatment | |||||||
| Children appropriately managed | Control | 166 | 37 (29–44) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 171 | 62 (55–74) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | < 0.001 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 167 | 63 (52–72) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.91 | |
| Children prescribed antibiotic by the health worker | Control | 166 | 70 (60–85) | – | – | ||
| Paper | 171 | 26 (14–37) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | < 0.001 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 167 | 25 (17–33) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.6–1.6) | 0.825 | |
| Children in need of antibiotic for whom it was prescribed | Control | 22 | 100 (100–100) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 14 | 36 (20–67) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 0.002 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 27 | 48 (0–80) | 0.5 (0.4–1.0) | 0.04 | 1.2 (0.4–6.7) | 0.823 | |
| Children not in need of antibiotic for whom it was not prescribed | Control | 144 | 34 (18–47) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 157 | 75 (63–87) | 2.3 (1.5–3.4) | < 0.001 | – | – | |
| Electronic | 140 | 80 (72–90) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | < 0.001 | 1.1 (0.9–1.0) | 0.474 | |
| Children in need of antimalarial for whom it was prescribed | Control | 3 | 100 (100) | – | – | – | – |
| Paper | 2 | 50 (50) | NA | – | – | – | |
| Electronic | 2 | 50 (0–100) | NA | – | NA | ||
| Children not in need of antimalarial for whom it was not prescribed | Control | 163 | 93 (87–98) | – | – | ||
| Paper | 169 | 100 (100–100) | 1.1 (1.0–4.0) | 0.03 | – | ||
| Electronic | 165 | 96 (89–100) | 1.1 (0.9–1.1) | 0.37 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.466 | |
aRR = adjusted risk ratio; CI = confidence interval; NA = not applicable, due to a too small number of children.