Table 3.
Urban household and child characteristics in relation to nonnative cattle ownership
| Children | Children | Children | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to < 2 years | 2 to < 5 years | 0 to < 5 years | ||||
| Nonnative cattle owner | Nonnative cattle owner | Nonnative cattle owner | ||||
| Yes (N = 10) | No (N = 192) | Yes (N = 11) | No (N = 216) | Yes (N = 21) | No (N = 408) | |
| Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate | |
| n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| Child characteristics | ||||||
| Mean HAZ | −0.4 (0.2) | −0.8 (0.2) | −0.1 (0.6) | −1.0 (0.1) | −0.2 (0.4) | −0.9 (0.1) |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Stunted (%)† | 0.0*** | 24.0 | 0.0 | 15.7 | 0.0 | 19.6 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Other animal ownership‡ | ||||||
| Native cattle (%) | 32.1 | 19.4 | 34.2 | 14.8 | 33.4 | 17.0 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Goats (%) | 62.1* | 11.1 | 38.4 | 12.5 | 48.0 | 11.8 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Sheep (%) | 36.0 | 1.0 | 24.7* | 2.4 | 29.3* | 1.7 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Chickens (%) | 42.0 | 26.0 | 72.7 | 31.2 | 60.0 | 28.7 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Pigs (%) | 9.7 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.1 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Child diet | ||||||
| Adequate infant and young child feeding practices (%) | 0.0 | 18.5 | No data | No data | 0.0 | 18.5 |
| 6 | 186 | 6 | 186 | |||
| Adequate Dietary diversity (%)§ | 44.3 | 44.5 | 4.4 | 23.9 | 23.7 | 36.3 |
| 6 | 136 | 6 | 79 | 12 | 215 | |
| Household characteristics | ||||||
| Median asset score (25th–75th percentile) | 2.6 (2.2 to 2.6) | 0.4 (−1.1 to 1.5) | 2.6 (1.6 to 2.6) | 0.5 (−1.0 to 1.8) | 2.6 (1.6 to 2.6) | 0.4 (−1.1 to 1.7) |
| 10 | 192 | 28 | 216 | 11 | 408 | |
| Improved water (%) | 83.7 | 88.2 | 96.7 | 93.9 | 91.4 | 91.2 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Improved sanitation (%) | 12.9 | 17.8 | 5.1 | 22.2 | 8.3 | 20.2 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
| Handwashing station with soap and water (%) | 10.0 | 20.8 | 0.0 | 15.2 | 4.1 | 17.9 |
| 10 | 192 | 11 | 216 | 21 | 408 | |
HAZ = height-for-age z score. Characteristics reported are survey-corrected %, survey-corrected mean (standard error), or survey-corrected median (25th–75th percentile). Bold text indicates the detection of a statistically significant difference between households that owned nonnative cattle and households that did not own nonnative cattle.
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01,
***
P < 0.001.
†
HAZ < −2 standard deviations from World Health Organization reference standard.
‡
Indicators of household possession (% owns).
§
Measured on children ≥ 6 months of age.