. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Br J Haematol. 2016 Oct 21;176(2):300–308. doi: 10.1111/bjh.14391

Table II.

Prevalence of Potential Right-to-Left Shunt Detected in SCA+Stroke and Control Subjects

Method of Shunt Detection	SCA+Stroke n/N (%)	Control n/N (%)	P value^*
2D Imaging	3/139 (2.2%)	0/122 (0%)	0.250^†
Colour Doppler	9/139 (6.5%)	8/122 (6.6%)	0.978
Contrast Injection without Valsalva	22/146 (15.1%)	19/122 (15.6%)	0.909
Contrast Injection with Valsalva	24/145 (16.6%)	19/118 (16.1%)	0.922
Potential Intracardiac Shunting	32/147 (21.8%)	23/123 (18.7%)	0.533
Potential Intrapulmonary Shunting “Late Bubbles” only	35/147 (23.8%)	7/123 (5.7%)	<0.001
Any Potential Shunting (Intracardiac or Intrapulmonary)	67/147 (45.6%)	29/123 (23.6%)	<0.001

Chi-square test, with Fisher’s exact where indicated^†

n/N, number observed/total number in group; SCA, sickle cell anaemia; 2D, 2-dimensional