FIG. 6.

TNF stimulation of the 3D SW-CC. Indicated cultures were stimulated with 10 ng/mL of TNF α for 0, 1, 6, and 24 h. Following lysis and mRNA isolation, E-selectin (A) and ICAM-1 (C) mRNA expressions were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Values were normalized to the respective unstimulated condition (0 h). Bar graphs display mean ± SD. n = 4, *p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. Immunofluorescence images demonstrating E-selectin (B) and ICAM-1 (D) protein expressions after 4 and 18 h of TNF α stimulations, respectively. α-smooth muscle actin (red), VE-cadherin (green), nuclei (blue), and E-selectin or ICAM-1 (white). Representative confocal images are shown (20 × magnification), scale bar = 50 μm. TNF, tumor necrosis factor.