Table 3. Secondary comparative outcomes (difference in differences [DiD]) for resource utilization.
| Outcome measure (secondary) | t1 | t2 | t2 vs t1 | DiD | ||||
| Resource utilization (mean values per patient) |
IG (SD) |
CG (SD) |
IG (SD) |
CG (SD) |
IG | CG | Absolute intervention effect*1 (p-value [95% CI]) |
Relative change*2 % |
| GP consultations (billed cases) |
7.7 (3.8) |
7.8 (4.1) |
12.2 (5.2) |
8.7 (5.2) |
4.5 | 0.9 | 3.7 (<0.001 [3.6; 3.7]) |
47.4 |
| Specialist consultations (billed cases) |
12.1 (9.0) |
12.4 (9.9) |
10.4 (8.1) |
10.2 (8.1) |
−1.7 | −2.2 | 0.5 (<0.001 [0.4; 0.6]) |
4.1 |
| Hospital care (billed cases) |
0.76 (1.42) |
0.78 (1.52) |
0.80 (1.55) |
0.78 (1.55) |
0.04 | 0.00 | 0.03 (0.006 [0.01; 0.06]) |
4.3 |
| Post-acute care | 0.05 (0.25) |
0.03 (0.20) |
0.05 (0.24) |
0.03 (0.20) |
−0.02 | −0.02 | 0.00 (0.531 [−0.01;0.00]) |
−2.6 |
| Inpatient rehabilitation | 0.00 (0.06) |
0.00 (0.06) |
0.00 (0.05) |
0.00 (0.06) |
0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 (0.159 [0.00; 0.00]) |
(–)*3 |
| Outpatient rehabilitation | 0.02 (0.16) |
0.04 (0.22) |
0.02 (0.17) |
0.04 (0.22) |
0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 (0.091 [0; 0.01]) |
11.5 |
| Remedies | 1.32 (2.92) |
1.41 (2.95) |
1.36 (2.93) |
1.42 (2.95) |
0.09 | 0.06 | 0.03 (0.034 [−0.01; 0.07]) |
2.3 |
| Therapeutic aids | 1.7 (4.12) |
2.3 (4.6) |
1.7 (4.2) |
2.2 (4.6) |
0.5 | 0.5 | 0.02 (0.897 [−0.03; 0.08]) |
1.4 |
| Homecare prescriptions | 0.5 (2.8) |
0.9 (3.5) |
0.5 (2.8) |
0.8 (3.5) |
0.31 | 0.3 | 0.02 (0.268 [−0.01; 0.05]) |
3.5 |
p<0.05. statistically significant difference (t-test); *1 intervention effect: mean difference; CI: 95%; *2 relative change: share of intervention effect in IG t1 in %;
*3 due to the very small number of a maximum of 14 inpatient rehabilitation prescriptions per group with 40 298 patients and per observation period. the relative change is not shown;
IG. intervention group; CG. control group; CI. confidence interval; SD. standard deviation