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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Infect Dis. 2015 Jun 11;212(12):1923–1929. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiv330

Figure 2. A(H3N2)vpM virus induces potent inflammasome activation through ROS production.

Figure 2

(A) The mRNA expression of caspase-1 in mock infected with cell culture medium or virus-infected mDCs was examined by real-time RT-PCR. (B) The expression of –pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, ASC, NLRP3 and β-actin by virus-induced DCs were examined by immunoblotting: Pro-caspase-1 was immunoprecipitated from mock or virus-induced DCs and immunoprecipitates were analyzed for the presence of NLRP3 and ASC by immunoblotting. (C) IL-18 production in supernatants of mock or virus-infected mDCs was examined by ELISA. (D) The production of ROS by mDCs was assayed using the chemiluminescent probe L-012 (50 µM, Wako, Germany). (E) Cell lysates of virus-induced mDC with or without DPI pre-treatment were analyzed for pro-caspase-1, caspase-1, NLRP3 and β-actin expression by immunoblot (F) The production of IL-1β by virus-induced DC with or without DPI pre-treatment was examined by ELISA. All data were analyzed using Prism software (GraphPad Software, Inc.). Data are expressed as means±SD and the significances of differences determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Data are representative of three independent experiments.